@Editorial
<#LINE#>Pilgrimage of Phthalocyanine Macromolecule Phthalocyanine Dyes (Part-II)<#LINE#>JAIN@N.C.<#LINE#>Res.J.chem.sci.<#LINE#>
@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Seasonal Groundwater Quality Variation in Brazzaville, Congo<#LINE#>L.@Matini,C.@Tathy,J.M.@Moutou<#LINE#>7-14<#LINE#>01.ISCA-RJCS-2011-177_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Exact Sciences, E.N.S, University Marien Ngouabi, B.P 69 Brazzaville, CONGO <#LINE#>29/8/2011<#LINE#>21/10/2011<#LINE#> Groundwater samples collected from southwestern Brazzaville, Congo, in rainy and dry seasons of the year  2008 were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, fluoride, and nitrate to assess the seasonal variation of groundwater quality. The Results of the chemical analysis indicate that groundwater was characterized by Mg-Ca-HCO facies in rainy season and Na-HCO facies in dry season. In rainy season, silicate weathering was a dominant process, controlling the groundwater chemistry, followed by carbonate weathering and ion exchange; while in dry season silicate weathering was also the prime process over the governing of the groundwater quality followed by ion exchange and carbonate weathering. Leaching is the main contributor in rainy season.<#LINE#> @ @  Mitra B.K., Sasaki C., Enari K., Matsuyama N. and Fujita M., Suitability assessement of shallow groundwater for agriculture in sand dune area of northwest Honshu Island Japan, Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 5(1), 177–188 (2007) @No $ @ @  Giridharan L., Venugopal T. and Jayaprakash  M., Evaluation of the seasonal variation on the geochemical parameters and quality assessment of the groundwater in the proximity of River Cooum, Chennai, India,  Environ Monit Assess143, 161–178 (2008) @No $ @ @  Krishna Kumar  S., Rammohan V., Rajkumar Sahayam  J. and  Jeevanandam M., Assessment of groundwater quality and hydrogeochemistry of Manimuktha River basin, Tamil Nadu, India, Environ Monit Assess, 159, 341-351 (2009) @No $ @ @  Mohsen Jalali, Hydrochemical identification of groundwater resources and their changes under the impact of human activity in the Chah basin in western Iran, Environ Monit Assess130, 347–364 (2007) @No $ @ @  Subba Rao N., Factors controlling the salinity in groundwater in parts of Gunturdistrict, Andhra Pradesh, India, Environ Monit Assess, 138, 327-341 (2008) @No $ @ @  Moukolo N., Etat des connaissances actuelles sur l’hydrogéologie du Congo-Brazzaville,  Hydrogéologie1-2, 47-58 (1992) @No $ @ @  APHA, Standards methods for the examination of water and waste-water, 20th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC., USA (1998) @No $ @ @  Sarin M.M., Krishmaswamy S., Dilli K., Somayajulu B.I.K. and Moore W.S., Major-ion chemistry of the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system. Weathering processes and fluxes to the bay of Bengal, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 997–1000 (1989) @No $ @ @  Banton O. and Bangoy Lumony, Hydrologie: Multiscience environnementale des eaux souterraines, Presses de l’Université du Québec/AUPELF (1997) @No $ @ @  Magaritz M., Nadler A., Koyumdjisky H.  and Dan N., The use of Na/Cl ratio to trace absolute sources in a semiarid zone, Water Resources Research, 17,  602–608 (1981) @No $ @ @  Sami K., Recharge mechanism and geochemical processes in a semi-arid sedimentary basin, Eastern Cape, South Africa,  Journal of Hydrology, 139, 27–48 (1992) @No $ @ @  Stallard R.F. and Edmond J.M., Geochemistry of Amazon River: the influence of the geology and weathering environment on the dissolved load, Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 9671–9688 (1983) @No $ @ @  Meybeck M., Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads, American Journal of Science, 287, 401–428 (1987) @No $ @ @  Vengosh, A. and Keren R., Chemical modifications of groundwater contaminated by recharge of treated sewage effluent, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 23, 347-360 (1996) @No $ @ @  Rhodes A.L., Newton R.M. and Pufall A., Influences of land use on water quality of diverse New England watersheds, Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 3640–3645 (2001) @No $ @ @  Appelo C.A.J. and Postma D., Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution, 2nd Edition: A.A. Balkema Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands (1993) @No $ @ @  Wayland K. G., Long D.T., Hyndman D.W., Pijanowski B.C., Woodhams S. M. and  Haack, Sh.K., Identifying relationships between base flow geochemistry and  land use with synoptic sampling and R-Mode factor analysis, Journal of EnvironmentalQuality, 32, 180-190 (2003) @No $ @ @  WHO, Sodium, chlorides and conductivity in drinking water. Regional Office for  Europe, Copenhague. EURO Reports and Studies, , (1979) @No $ @ @  Datta P.S. and Tyagi S.K., Major ion chemistry of groundwater in Delhi area:  Chemical weathering processes and groundwater flow regimes, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 47, 179–188 (1996) @No 
<#LINE#>Chemical Bath Deposited PbSe Thin Films:  Optical and Electrical Transport Properties<#LINE#>A.@BaroteMaqbul,A.@YadavAbhijit,V.@SurywanshiRangrao,P.@DeshmukhLalasaheb,U.@MasumdarElahipasha<#LINE#>15-19<#LINE#>02.ISCA-RJCS-2011-189_done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Azad college, Ausa-413520, Maharashtra, INDIA @ Thin Film Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur-413512, Maharashtra, INDIA @ Thin film and Solar Studies Research Lab, Dept. of Physics, Solapur University, Solapur-413 003, Maharashtra, INDIA  <#LINE#>5/9/2011<#LINE#>13/9/2011<#LINE#> A systematic study of the influence of thickness on the optical and electrical transport properties of PbSe thin films is reported in this study. The PbSe thin films were prepared on amorphous glass substrates by simple and cost effective chemical bath deposition technique at the substrate temperature 85C.  The electrical resistivity measurement shows films are semiconducting and it decreases with increase in film thickness. Optical absorption studies show that the band-gap energy is decreased from 0.33 to 0.25 eV as the thickness of the film is increased from 335 to 638 nm. <#LINE#> @ @  Yu.I. Ravich, Effimova B.A. and Smirnov I.A., Semiconducting Lead Chalcogenides, Plenum Press, New York (1970) @No $ @ @   Zemel J.N., Solid State Surf. Sci., 1, 291 (1969) @No $ @ @ Proc., IEEE, 63 (1) (1975) @No $ @ @   Hesse J. and Prier H., Festkorperprobleme, 15, 229 (1975)  @No $ @ @ Zogg H., Fach A., John J., Masek J., Muller P., Paglino C. and Buttler W., Opt. Eng., 33, 1440 (1994) @No $ @ @ Preier H., Appl. Phys.,20, 189 (1979) @No $ @ @ Chaudhuri T.K., Int. J. Eng. Res.,16, 481 (1992) @No $ @ @ Zemel J.N., Scott C.G. and Reed C.E. (Eds.), Surface Physics of Phosphors and Semiconductors, Academic Press, London, 523 (1975) @No $ @ @ Barote M.A., Ingale B.D., Surywanshi R.V., Chavan T.V. and Masumdar E.U., Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(5), 48 (2011)  @No $ @ @ Rubin K.A. and Chen M., Thin Solid Films, 181, 1149 1989)  @No $ @ @ Tong X.L., Jiang D.S., Hu W.B., Liu Z.M. and Luo M.Z., Appl. Phys., 84, 143 (2006) @No $ @ @ Fallah H.R., Ghasemi M., Hassanzadeh A. and Steki H.,  Mater. Res. Bull., 42, 487 (2007) @No $ @ @  Zingaro R.A. and Slolvin D.O., J. Electrochem. Soc., 42 (1961) @No $ @ @  W. Seto J.Y., J. Appl. Phys., 46, 547 (1975) @No $ @ @  Shahane G.S. and Deshmukh L.P., Mater. Chem. Phys., 70, 112 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rakhshani A.E., Phys. Staus. Solidi, A 169, 85 (1998) @No $ @ @ Yadav A.A., Barote M.A. and Masumdar E.U., Solid State Sciences, 121, 1173 (2010) @No $ @ @  Saloniemi H., Academic Dissertation, VTT Pub., 423, p-32 (2000) @No $ @ @ Karande V.S., Mane S.H., Pujari V.B. and Deshmukh L.P., Turk J. Phys., 25, 539 (2003) @No $ @ @  Yadav A.A., Barote M.A. and Masumdar E.U., Mater. Chem. Phys., 121, 53 (2010) @No $ @ @  Rao C.N.R., Modern Aspect of Solid State Chemistry, Plenum, New York, 531, (1973) @No 
<#LINE#>Elucidation of Sugar in Edible Fruit-Pineapple  (Ananas Comosus)<#LINE#>S.I@Okonkwo,R.U.@Ogbuneke,B.K.@Uyo<#LINE#>20-24<#LINE#>03.ISCA-RJCS-2011-215_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Anambra State University Uli, Department of Chemistry, Anambra State, NIGERIA  @ Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Department of Chemistry, Imo State, NIGERIA @ Federal University of Technology Owerri, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imo State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>3/11/2011<#LINE#>17/1/2011<#LINE#> Sugar present in the juice of pineapple (Ananas Cosmosus) which is edible crystalline carbohydrate mainly sucrose, lactose and fructose was elucidated. Pineapple juice was extracted from the pineapple sample bought from Ekeonunwa market Owerri, Imo State. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were carried out. The qualitative analysis was carried out by using Benedict reagent, Seliwanoff’s reagent, phenylydrazine and thin layer chromatography. The quantitative evaluation was carried out by Dichromate method using glucose and fructose as standards.  The results obtained for qualitative analysis showed that the juice contain glucose and fructose. The amount of glucose found was 3.9x10-2g/cm and 1.41x10-2g/cm for fructose in the quantitative analysis. <#LINE#> @ @ IUPAC Gold Book – Sugars “Gold book. IUPAC Org. http://goldbook.Iupac.org/html.Retriered 2011-02-22, (2009) @No $ @ @International Sugar statistic. http://www.Iiiovosugar .com/world of sugar/sugar statistics/international.aspx.accessed 01-30 (2011) @No $ @ @ Beaser R.S. and Campbel A.P., The Joslin guide to diabetes: a program for managing your treatment (2ndedt), Simion and Schuster, 37 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ab American Dietetic Association. “Nutrion. Fact vs. fiction” retrieve http://books google.com/ accessed 01/24 (2011) @No $ @ @ ^ab American Diabetes Association. “Diabetes myths”  @No $ @ @ Malik V.S.,  Sugar-sweet and Beverages and Risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabiete: A meta-analysis, Diabetes care, 33 (11) 2477-2483, (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharpe P., sugar cane: past and present. IIIinois: Southern Illionis university http://www.siu.edu/ebl/ leaflets/sugar.retrieved, 2011-02-23, (1998) @No $ @ @ Sugar/Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary, Retrieved 2011-02-23, (2010) @No $ @ @ A. Deulgaonkar, A case for Jnantline. http://www.hinduounnet.G 2010-01-26. Dictionary. Com.http//dicationary.reference.com/browse/pineapple) Retrieved 22(8), 2011-02-18, (2005) @No $ @ @ Pineapple Growing http://www.tropicalpermaculture com/pineapple-growing, retrieved 2011-02-18 (2011) @No $ @ @ ^abc How to grow a pineapple in your home http:// tpss. Hawaii.edu/pineapple/pine grow, Retrieved 2011-02-26 (2011) @No $ @ @ 1Jones J. and William, W., Science. An incomplete Education Ballantine Books 554 (2008) @No $ @ @ USDA Nutrient datsbase http//www.nal usda.gow/finc/foodcomp/search. Retrieve 2011-01-12 (2011) @No $ @ @ Eckstein F.E., Food, people and Nutrition London press, Fox, A. and Cameroon, G.A., Food science – a chemical Approach Academic press, New York (1979) @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agriculture use in Parts of Vaijapur, District Aurangabad, MS, India<#LINE#>S.M.@Deshpande,K.R.@Aher<#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>04.ISCA-RJCS-2011-216_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Post Graduate Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Caves Road, Aurangabad-431004, MH, INDIA <#LINE#>7/1/2011<#LINE#>6/11/2011<#LINE#> This study was conducted to evaluate factors regulating groundwater quality in an area with agriculture as main use. Fifteen groundwater samples have been collected from Vaijapur taluka of Aurangabad district. The Vaijapur taluka of Aurangabad district covers an area of approximately 1510.5 km and underlain by the Deccan Trap lava flows of upper Cretaceous to Eocene age. Rapid development in recent years has led to an increased demand for water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. A detailed knowledge of the water quality can enhance understanding of the hydrochemical system, to achieve this; a hydrochemical investigation was carried out in the study area. Groundwater samples were chemically analyzed for major physicochemical parameter in order to understand the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality. The analytical results shows higher concentration of total dissolved solids (26.66%), electrical conductivity (26.66%), chloride (33.33%) total hardness (60%) and magnesium (86.66%) which indicates signs of deterioration as per WHO and BIS standards. On the other hand, 40% groundwater sample is unsuitable for irrigation purposes based on irrigation quality parameters. The study revealed that application of fertilizer for agricultural contributing the higher concentration of ions in aquifer of Vaijapur. <#LINE#> @ @ APHA., Standard methods for examination of water and waste water 15th  Ed. American pub. Health Asso., Washington D.C. (1995) @No $ @ @ Arshid Jehangir et al Geochemistry and Irrigation Quality of Groundwater along River Jhelum in South Kashmir, India, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3(6): 57-63 (2011) @No $ @ @ BIS Bureau of Indian Standards IS: 10500, Manak Bhavan, New Delhi, India (1998) @No $ @ @ CGWB., Report Groundwater information of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra (2010) @No $ @ @ EEC (European Economic Communitites) Richtlinic des Rates Vem., 15.7 1980 liber die qualitat Von Wasser fur den menschlichen Gebrauch. Amtslelatt der Europaischen gemeinschaft vom.30-8 No. L 229, 11-29 (1980) @No $ @ @ Dojlido J., Chemia wody (chemistry of water), Warsaw: Arkady (1987) @No $ @ @ Glover C.R., Irrigation Water Classification Systems, Guide A-116, Las Cruces, NM 5C, 2 (1996) @No $ @ @ Howari F.M., Abu-Rukah Y. and Shinaq R., Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of ground water resources of north Jordan, Water Resources,32(5), 555-564 (2005) @No $ @ @ Amoako J., Karikari A.Y., Ansa-Asare. O.D., Physicochemical quality of boreholes in Densu Basin of Ghana, Appl Water Sci,1:41–48 DOI 10.1007/s13201-011-0007-0 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K. and et al. Assessment of ground water quality for drinking purpose, District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, Environ Monit Assess, Springer,166, 663-673 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kelley W.P., Brown S.M. and Liebig G.F. Jr. Chemical effects of saline irrigation waters on soils, Soil Sci., 49, 95-107 (1940) @No $ @ @ Monika Cieszynska, Marek Wesolowski, Maria Bartoszewicz, Malgorzata Michalska & Jacek Nowacki., Application of physicochemical data for water-quality assessment of watercourses in the Gdansk Municipality (South Baltic coast), Environ Monit Assess, DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2096-5, (2011) @No $ @ @ Pawar N.J., Pondhe G.M. and Patil S.F., Groundwater pollution of sugar mill effluents at Sonai Maharashtra, India, Env. Geology, 34, 151-158  (1998) @No $ @ @ Pondhe G.M., Hase P. C., Thitame S.E. and Patil S.S. Characteristic and quality of groundwater in Ghulewadiand Malad villages near sugar factory, Sangamner , District Ahemadnagar, Maharashtra, J. Aqua,Biol.,23, 51-54 (2008) @No $ @ @ Plummer L.N., Bexfield L.M. and Anderholm. S.K., How ground-water chemistry helps us understand the aquifer, Bartolino J.R. and Cole J.C., eds. U.S. Geological Survey Circular, 1222 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rao N.S., Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of Visakhapatanam Ph.D Thesis unpublished, (1986) @No $ @ @ Richards L.A., Diagnosis on improvement of saline and alkali soils, U.S.D.A., Handbook no.60, Agri. Handb. U.S. Dep. Agric., 160 (1954) @No $ @ @ Nagarajan R., Rajmohan N., Mahendran U. and Senthamilkumar S., Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agriculture use in Thanjavur city, Tamil Nadu, India, Environ. Monit. Assess, 171, 289-308 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kannan N., and Sabu Joseph., Quality of groundwater in the shallow aquifers of a Peddy dominated agricultural river basin, Kerala, India, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 52475-482 (2009) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K. and Goel, P.K., Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publ. Karad, India (1984) @No $ @ @ WHO., Guidelines for drinking water quality in Health Criteria and other supporting Information,, 336  (1984) @No 
<#LINE#>Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiO2 Nanoparticles<#LINE#>M.J.@Pawar,V.B.@Nimbalkar<#LINE#>32-37<#LINE#>05.ISCA-RJCS-2011-222_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Laboratory of Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, ACS College, Amravati, INDIA<#LINE#>12/10/2011<#LINE#>8/11/2011<#LINE#> Zn and Cr doped TiO nanoparticles have been prepared by combustion method and characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen-gas adsorption method. The band gap energy of Zn and Cr doped TiO obtained by UV-DRS was 2.7 and 2.3 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of catalyst was tested by photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Results show doped TiO is more efficient than pure TiO at photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Ti0.9Cr0.1showed enhanced activity. This enhanced activity was attributed to smaller crystallite size (12.6 nm), synergistic effect between anatase and rutile phases and larger specific surface area (160.11m/g). <#LINE#> @ @  Paula M., Van Schei and Young L.Y., Isolation and Characterization of phenol degrading denitrifying bacteria, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 2432-2438 (1998) @No $ @ @  Ghadhi S.C. and Sangodkar UMX, Potentials of Pseudomonas cepacia PAA in bioremediation of aquatic wastes containing phenol, Proceedings of National symposium frontiers in applied and environmental microbiology, Cochin 11-13 (December 1995) @No $ @ @  Nuhoglu A. and Yakin B., Modeling of phenol removal in a batch reactor, Process of Biochemistry, 40, 233-239 (2005) @No $ @ @  Rengaraj S., Moon S.H., Sivablan R., Arabind B. and Murugesan V., Removal of phenol from aqueous solution and resin manufacturing industry wastewater using an agricultural waste: rubber seed coat, Journal of Hazardous Materials,89, 185-196 (2002) @No $ @ @  Miland E., Smyth M.R. and Fagain C.O., Phenol removal by modified peroxidases, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,67, 227-236 (1996) @No $ @ @  Zhou M., Wu Z. and Dahui W. Promoted UV/Fe+3process for p-nitropheol degradation by electrocatalysis, In: Proceedings of The International Water Association Conference on Water and Wastewater Management for Developing Countries, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, , 222-237 October (2001) @No $ @ @ Lin S.H., Pan C.L. and Leu H.G. Liquid membrane extraction of 2-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions, Journal of Hazardous Materials,65, 289-304 (1999) @No $ @ @  Benitez F.J., Beltran-Heredia J., Acero J.L. and Rubio F.J., Oxidation of several chorophenolic derivatives by UV irradiation and hydroxyl radicals, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,76, 312-320 (2001) @No $ @ @  Comninellis C. and Pulgarin C., Anoxic oxidation of phenol for wastewater treatment, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,21, 703-708 (1991) @No $ @ @  Tahar N.B. and Savall A., Mechanistic aspects of phenol electrochemical degradation by oxidation on a Ta/PbO anode, Journal of Electrochemical Society,145, 3427-3434 (1998) @No $ @ @  Fujihira M., Satoh Y., Osa T., Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds on TiO, Nature,293, 206–208 (1981) @No $ @ @ Choi W., Termin A. and Hoffmann M.R., The role of Metal ion dopants in quantum sized TiO2; correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 13669–13679 (1994) @No $ @ @  Kim D.H., Woo S.I., Moon S.H., Kim H.D., Kim B.Y., Cho J.H., Joh Y.G. and Kim E.C., Effect of Co/Fe co-doping in TiO2 rutile prepared by solid state reaction, Solid State Commun., 136, 554–558 (2005) @No $ @ @  Chen H., Chen S., Quan X., Yu H.T., Zhao H.M. and Zhang Y.B., Fabrication of TiO-Pt coaxial nanotube array Schottky structures for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution, Journal of Phys. Chem. C., 112, 9285–9290 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chen J.L, Loso E., Ebrahim N. and Ozin G.A. Synergy of slow photon and chemically amplified photochemistry in platinum nanocluster-loaded inverse titania opals, Journal of American Chemical Society. 130, 5420–5421 (2008) @No $ @ @  Ranjit K.T., Willner I., Bossmann S.H. and Braun A.M., Lanthanum oxide doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts: Effective catalysts for the enhanced degradation of the salicylic acid and t-cinnamic acid, J. Catal., 204, 305–313 (2001) @No $ @ @ Zhang Y., Xu H., Xu Y., Zhang H. and Wang Y., The effect of lanthanide on the degradation of RB in nanocrystalline Ln/TiO aqueous solution,  J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,170, 279–285 (2005) @No $ @ @ Xiaoli Y., He J., Evans D.G., Duan X. and Zhu Y., Effect of TiO thin film thickness and specific surface area by low-pressure metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on photocatalytic activitiesApplied Catalysis B Environmental., 55, 243–252 (2005) @No $ @ @ Xie, Y., Yuan, C. and Li, X. Phosensitized and photocatalyzed degradation of azo dye using Lnn+TiO sol in aqueous solution under visible light, Material Science Engineering B., 117, 325–333 (2005) @No $ @ @ Baiju K.V., Periyat P., Wunderlich W., Pillai P.K., Mukundan P. and Warrier K.G.K., Enhanced photoactivity of neodymium doped mesoporous titania synthesized through aqueous sol–gel method. Journal of Sol–Gel Science and Technology. 43, 283 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z.B., Wang C.C., Zakaria R. and Ying J.Y. Role of Particle Size in Nanocrystalline TiO-Based Photocatalysts, Journal of Phys Chemistry B., 102,10871-10878 (1998) @No $ @ @  Rodriguez-Talavera R., Vargas S., Arroyo-Murillo R., Montiel-Campos R. and Haro-Poniatowski E. Modification of the phase transition temperatures in titania doped with various cations,Journal of Materials Research, 12, 439-443 (1997) @No $ @ @3 Bacsa R.R. and Kiwi J., Effect of rutile phase on photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline titania during the degradation of p-coumaric acid, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 16, 19-29 (1998) @No 
<#LINE#>Kinetic Studies of Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Groundwater<#LINE#>O.W.@Medjor,F.@Egharevba,O.V.@Akpoveta,O.K.@Ize-lyamu,E.O.@Jatto<#LINE#>38-44<#LINE#>06.ISCA-RJCS-2011-230_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Taraba State University, Jalingo, NIGERIA @ Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, NIGERIA<#LINE#>22/10/2011<#LINE#>9/11/2011<#LINE#>Bioremediation experiments were conducted at ambient temperature of 28-320C and pH 5.6-8.9 to investigate the effectiveness of the process in the clean-up of groundwater contaminated by diesel. Polluted groundwater samples were simulated in the laboratory by contaminating 900ml of groundwater sample with 100ml of diesel to achieve 10% pollution in two different plastic microcosms. Two tests series were performed for a 1008-hour (42-day) residence time. In the first test, polluted groundwater sample was taken in a plastic microcosm without organic amendment (mixed-culture of pig, cow and poultry wastes). In the second test, organic amendment was added to the polluted groundwater sample in the second plastic microcosm and the bioremediation process in both cases allowed to proceed. Microbiological and TPH analyses were carried out weekly for six weeks on the second microcosm and at the sixth week for the first microcosm which acted as control. The indices of biodegradation monitored included total changes in: total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (THUB), total fungal (TF) counts and changes in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH).The response of the indigenous microbes (heterotrophs, hydrocarbon utilizers and fungal) was positive in the second microcosm where biodegradation occurred as a result of the microbial activities. No appreciable biodegradation occurred in the control microcosm, except for about 3% loss of total petroleum hydrocarbon due to evaporation. 91.53% removal efficiency for total petroleum hydrocarbons was obtained in the first microcosm at the end of the sixth week. Bioremediation of groundwater polluted with diesel is a first order reaction with rate constant of 0.002hour-1 and half-life (t1/2) of 346.5 hours. The overall assessments of the quality of the contaminated water samples after remediation were close match to the unpolluted water sample with some selected physicochemical parameters (pH, DO, BOD5, and salinity as chloride) within the WHO standard for surface/underground water while COD was far above limits recommended by W.H.O. <#LINE#> @ @  U.S. DOE/EIA-0484. International Energy Outlook. June 2006. Energy Information Administration Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC (2006) @No $ @ @   Ward W.; Singh A. and Van Hamme J.,  Accelerated Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Waste, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnology, 30 260 (2003) @No $ @ @   Nelson-Smith A. Oil Pollution and Marine Ecology, New York, Plenum Press (1973) @No $ @ @  Obire O. and Putheti R.R., Fungi in Bioremediation of Oil Polluted Environments, Bioremediation- pdf (2009) @No $ @ @  Van Hamme J.D., Singh A. and Ward O.P., Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology, Microbiol. Mol. Rev., 67 649 (2003) @No $ @ @ Turner S., Will There Be Enough Water In The Next Century? Encarta Yearbook, February (2000) @No $ @ @  Ademoroti, C.M.A., Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Fodulex Press Ltd., Ibadan, 53-70 1996(a) @No $ @ @ Bowen H.J.M., Environmental Chemistry of Elements.  Academic Press, London, Pp 155-157 (1979) @No $ @ @ Mills A.I., Beuil C. and Cowell R.R., Enumeration of Petroleum degrading marine and estuarine microorganisms by most probable number method, C and J. Microbiol,24, 552-557 (1978) @No $ @ @ APHA (American Public Health Association), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edn, APHA, Washington DC (1998) @No $ @ @  Harigan W.F. and McCone M.E., Laboratory Method in Food and Dairy Microbiology, 2nd ed. London, 222 (1976) @No $ @ @ Macgill for Water/ Wastewater Analysis, (2000) @No $ @ @ Prescott L.M. Harley J.P. and Klein D.A., Microbiology, fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Publication, 106-107. (2002) @No $ @ @ Geo. Brooks F., Karen C.C., Janet S.B., Stephen A.M. and Timothy A.M., Medical Microbiology, 25thedition (2010) @No $ @ @  Al-Daher R., Al-Awadhi N. and El-Nawawy A., Bioremediation of Damaged Desert Environment with the Windrow Soil Pile System in Kuwait, Environ. Int., 24, 175. (1998) @No $ @ @ Eziuzor S.C. and Okpokwasili G.C., Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Mangrove Soil in a Bioreactor, Nig. J. Microbiol., 23(1), 1777-1791 (2009)  @No $ @ @ Gibb A., Chu A., Wong R.C.K. and Goodman  R.H., Bioremediation Kinetics of Crude Oil at 5°C., J.Environ. Eng., 127(9),  818 (2001) @No $ @ @ Leahy J.G. and Colwell R.R., Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment., Microbiol. Rev., , 305 (1990) @No $ @ @ Okpokwasili G.C. and Nnorom E.E., Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by brackish water isolates. In T.V.I. Akpata and D.U.U. Okoli (eds.). Nigerian Wetlands, Selected papers from the Man and Biosphere State-of-knowledge Workshop on Nigerian Wetlands held in Port-Harcourt, 27-29 August 1986 @No $ @ @ Agbonlahor D.E, et al. Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading capabilities of Microbial Isolates           from Ripe  Pawpaw Fruit, Nig. Annals of Nat. Sci.,  ), (2004) @No $ @ @  Oruonye E.D. and Medjor W.O., Physico-chemical Analysis of Borehole Water in the three Resettlement areas (Ali Sherriffti, Sagir and Dambore) in the Lake Chad Region of Nigeria,Nig. J. Microbiol.,  231843-1848 (2009) @No $ @ @ Amadi  A., An assessment of the performance of some petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms in aquatic axenic culture, Disc. and Innov.,  , 55-67 (1992) @No $ @ @  Odu  C.T . Degradation of hydrocarbons by members of the genus Candida. I. Hydrocarbon. Degradation and Weathering of Crude oil under tropical conditions in: Proceedings of nternational Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and Nigeria Environment. Nigerian National Petroleum Company-Nigeria, 143-153 (1981) @No $ @ @ ITRC- A Systematic Approach to in Situ Bioremediation in Groundwater, (2002) @No $ @ @ Bertram J. and Balance R.A., Practical guide to the design and implementation of resh water, quality Studies and monitoring programmes. Published on behalf of United Nations. EnvironmentalProgramme   (UNEP) and World Health Organization (W.H.O.), E & FN spoon publishers, 172–177, 192-196  (1996) @No $ @ @ Duffus J., Comments to Editor, Chemistry International, News Magazine of International Union of Pure and    applied Chemistry (IUPAC), 18), 252 –253 (1996) @No $ @ @  Hauser B.A., Drinking water chemistry, a Laboratory Manual. Turbidity herp II, 2001, Lewis publishers, A    CRC Press Company Florida USA, 71 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Mixed Ligand Cobalt (III) Complexes with 1-Amidino-O-Methylurea and Amino Acids<#LINE#>L.@Mrinalini,A.K.Manihar@Singh<#LINE#>45-49<#LINE#>07.ISCA-RJCS-2011-231_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, 795003, Imphal, INDIA <#LINE#>24/10/2011<#LINE#>24/11/2011<#LINE#> Reactions of 1-amidino-O-methylurea with cobaltous chloride in presence of water and liquor ammonia resulted in the formation of diammine bis(1-amidino-O-methylurea) cobalt(III) chloride. The present work describes the result of our investigations on the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of 1-amidino-O-methylurea with some amino acids. Reactions of [Co(NH(AMU)]Cl.2.5HO with amino acids viz. L-valine, DL-alanine and glycyl-glycine in equimolar ratio, in water, resulted in the formation of [Co(val)(AMUH)]Cl.2HO, [Co(ala)(AMUH)]Cl.2.5HO and [Co(gly-gly)(AMUH)]Cl.HO respectively. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and molar conductance values. Octahedral structure has been proposed on the basis of IR , magnetic  moment and electronic spectra of the complexes. <#LINE#> @ @ Dutta R.L. and Bhattacharya Anjana, Nickel(II) Mixed Chelates,  J. Indian Chem. Soc , LIV, 239-253 (1977) @No $ @ @ Liwang Jiwen Cai, Zon-Wang Mao, Xiao-Long Feng and Jim- Wang Huang, Dinickel complexes bridge by unusual(N,O,O’)-coordinated -amino acids: Syntheses, structural characterization and magnetic properties, Trans. Met. Chem., 29, 418 (2004) @No $ @ @   Sarma K.G. and  Sarma Raman, Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction of Amino Acids with Copper(II) Ions in Aqueous Solution,  Asian J. of Chemistry,20, 2632 (2008) @No $ @ @ Weissbluth M., Haemoglobin, Springer-Verlag, New York, (1974) ; Ottway J.H. and Apps D.K., Biochemistry ELBS, London (1984) @No $ @ @ Dutta R.L. and Ray P., Guanylureas and their metallic complexes. Part I. Synthesis of guanylalkylureas, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 36, 7 (1959) @No $ @ @   Dutta R.L. and Syamal A., Donor properties of 1-amidino-O-alkylureas. Part IX. Diammine bis (1-amidino-O-alkylurea) cobalt (III) complexes,  J. Indian Chem. Soc., 45, 115, (1968) @No $ @ @   Jones M.M., Elementary Coordination Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, Englewood cliffs, New Jersey (1964) @No $ @ @ Nakamoto K., Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds,  John Wiely and Sons, New York (4th Edition) (1986) @No $ @ @  Dutta R.L.  and Syamal A.,  Infrared structural studies on 1-Amidino-O-alkylureas, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 44, 569 (1967) @No $ @ @  Barnard P.F.B., Metal-promoted reactions of 2-cyanopyridine: Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) complexes of o-methylpyridine-2-carboximidate,  J. Chem. Soc. A, 2140, (1969) @No $ @ @   Jamnicky, Segl’a and Koman M., Methanolysis of pyridine-2-carboximidate in the coordination sphere of Copper(II), Cobalt(II), and Nickel(II). The structure of [Ni(o-methylpyridine-2-carboximidate)]Br.4HO,  Polyhedron, 14, 13-14 (1844) @No $ @ @ Patnaik P., Dean’s Analytical ChemistryHand Book, Mc Graw Hill (2nd Edition), 7.31-7.64 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chew Hee Ng., Han Kiat Alan Ong, Koh Sing Ngai, Wee Tee Tan, Lai Peng Lim, Siang Guan Teoh, Thiam Seong Chong, mer-Trans(alaninato)cobalt(III): Crystal structure, solution properties and its DNA cleavage in the presence of ascorbic acid, Polyhedron, 24, 1503-1509 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yoshima Y., Solubility Differences among Geometric and Optical Isomers of Tris(amino acidato) cobalt(III), Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 75, 741 (2002) @No $ @ @  Feng Guo, Ligand Derived from Glycine and O-Vanilin, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20), 2962-2968 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dyer J.R., Application of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Prentice Hall, Inc., 38 (1965) @No $ @ @ Dutta R.L.  and Ak. Manihar Singh., Addition of Alcohols to Phenyldicyandiamides, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 40, 417 (1978) @No $ @ @  Mishra A.P., Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Studies On Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Schiff base complexes derived from 2-furfuraldehyde, J.Indian Chem. Soc., 76, 35-37 (1999) @No $ @ @ Chang Tong Yang, Muthalgu Vetrichelvan, Xiandong Yang, Boujimaa, Moubaraki, Keith S. Murray and Jagadese J. Vittal, Synthesis, structural properties and catecholase activity of copper(II)complexes with reduced Schiff base N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-amino acids,  Dalton Trans., 113-121 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ak. Manihar Singh and M. Phalguni Singh., Mixed Ligand complexes of Copper(II) with Pyridine-2-Carboxamide and Amino acids, J. Indian Council of Chemist, 26, 106, (2009) @No $ @ @  Reddy P. Rabindra, Radhika M. and Manjula P., Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of Zn(II) and Co(II) with amino acids: Relevance to zinc binding sites in zinc fingers. J. Chem. Sci., 117(3), 242 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary Rakhi and Shelly, Synthesis, Spectral and Pharmacological Study of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) Coordination Complexes, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 1-5, (2011) @No $ @ @ Saleem H.S., Ramdadan A.A.T., Taha A. and Samy F., Unreported Coordination Behaviour of A Squaric Bis(Hydrazone) Ligand, Res. J.Chem. Sci.,1(4), 109-116, July (2011) @No $ @ @   Kothari M. Vipin and Daryle H. Busch, Cobalt(III) Complexes of Cysteine and Cysteine Derivatives, Inorg. Chem., (11), 2276-2280  (1969) @No $ @ @  Maria-Lalia-Kantouri, Christos D. Papadopolous, Miguel Quiros, Antonios G. Hatzidimitriou, Synthesis and characterization of new Co(III) mixed-ligand complexes, containing 2-hydroxy-aryloximes and diimines. Crystal and molecular structure of [Co(saox)(bipy)]Br, Polyhedron26, 1292-1302 (2007) @No $ @ @   Ki-Young Choi, Hee-Kune Lee, Haiil Ryu, Synthesis and properties of cobalt(III) complexes of 3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,01.18,07.12]docosane,  Polyhedron, 26, 1693-1698 (2007) @No $ @ @  Shalini Namrata Tripathi and Sharma Vinod Kumar,Synthesis, Characterization And  Biological Aspects Of  Iron(III),And Cobalt(III) Complexes With Some Shiff Bases Derived From Substituted Mercaptotriazole, Rev. Roum. Chim., 56(3), 189-196 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Chemical Examination and Biological Studies on the Seeds of Psoralea Corylifolia Linn.<#LINE#>G.V.@Rao,T.@Annamalai,K.@Kavitha,T.@Mukhopadhyay<#LINE#>50-58<#LINE#>08.ISCA-RJCS-2011-236_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Cavin Kare Research Centre, 12, Poonamalle Road, Ekkattuthangal Chennai 60032, INDIA <#LINE#>31/10/2011<#LINE#>21/11/2011<#LINE#> The aim of the present investigation was to isolate chemical constituents and study of its biological activity from the seeds of acetone extract of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. The bio-assay guided isolation of acetone extract of seeds yielded five known compounds, -cadinene (1), bakuchiol (2), psoralen (3), isopsoralen (4) and psoralidin (5).  The structures of these compounds were elucidated by physical and spectral data (UV, IR, H, 13C NMR and mass). The compound, -cadinene (1) is first report from this plant.  Different extracts, fractions and compounds from the seeds were investigated for antimicrobial property.  The methanolic, acetone and hexane extracts and isolated compound, bakuchiol (2) of Psoralea corylifolia were tested for antimicrobial studies against three gram positive bacteria and showed positive results. The compound bakuchiol (2) showed an excellent antibacterial activity than its crude extract. <#LINE#> @ @  Shilandra K.U., Yadav A.S., Sharma A.K., Rai A.K., Raghuwanshi D.K. and  Badkhane Y., The botany, chemistry, pharmacological and therapeutic application of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. A review, Int.  J. Phytomed.,  2 (2),100-107 (2010) @No $ @ @  Uniyal B., Utilization of medicinal plants by the rural women of Kulu, Himachal Pradesh, Ind. J. Trad. Knowledge, 2 (4), 366-370 (2003) @No $ @ @ Harsha V.H., Hebbar S.S., Hegde G.R. and Shripatti V., Ethanomedicial knowledge of plants  used by Kunabi tribs of Karnataka in India, Fitoterapia, 73 (4), 281-287 (2003) @No $ @ @ The wealth of India, Raw materials, CSIR, New Delhi, VIII, 295-298 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rajput S.J., Vijaya Z. and Pallavi R., Studies on extraction, isolation and estimation of Psoralea corulifolia, Pharmcog. Magazine, 4 (1), 13-18 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yin S., Fan C.Q., Wang Y., Dong L. Yue J.M., Antibacterial prenylflavone derivatives from Psoralea corylifolia and their structure activity relationship study.  Bioorg Med. Chem., 12 (16), 4387-4392 (2004) @No $ @ @ Amit T., Bhakuni R.S., New constituents from Psoralea corylifolia, Ind. J. Chem.,  49B (2), 256-259 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rao G.V., Mukhopadhyay T., Annamalai T., Radhakrishnan N. and Sahoo M.R., Chemical constitutes and biological studies of Origanum vulgare Linn, Pharmcog Res., 3 (2), 143-145 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao G.V., Annamalai T., Mukhopadhay T. and Madhavi M.S.L., Chemical constituents and melanin promotion activity of Cissus quadrangularis Linn, Res J. Chem. Sci., 1(1), 25-29(2011) @No $ @ @ Rao G.V., Annamalai T., Mukhopadhyay T.,Nardal, A new sesquiterpene aldehyde from the plant, Nardostachys jatamansi DC, Ind. J. Chem., 47B(1), 163-165 (2008) @No $ @ @  Rao G.V., Rao K.S., Annamalai T. and Mukhopadhyay T., New coumarin diol from the plant, Chloroxylon swietenia DC, Ind. J. Chem.,  48B (7), 1041-1044 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rao G.V., Rao K.S., Annamalai T., Radhakrishan N. and Mukhopadhyay T.,Chemical constituents and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of Chloroxylon swietenia Leaves, Turk. J. Chem.,33(4), 521-526 (2009) @No $ @ @  Rao G.V., Radhakrishan N., Mukhopadhyay T.,Artoindonesianin F., A potent tyrosinase inhibitor from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam, Ind. J. Chem., 49B(9), 1264-1266 (2010) @No $ @ @  Rao G.V., The chemical constituents and biological studies of Chloroxylon swietenia DC, A review. Indian Drugs, 45(1), 5-15 (2008) @No $ @ @  Rao G.V,, Mukhopadhyay T., Annamalai T,, Radhakrishnan N. and Sahoo M.R., Chemical constitutes and biological studies of Origanum vulgare Linn, Pharmcog. Res., 3(2), 143-145 (2011) @No $ @ @  Rao G.V., Annamalai T. and Mukhopadhyay T., Chemical examination and biological studies on the bark of Crataeva nurvala Buch.- Ham.,   Pharmcog. , 3(1), 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @  Rao G.V., Mukhopadhyay T., Madhavi M.S.L., Lavakumar S., Chemical examination and hair growth studies on the rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum Buch.-ham. Pharmcog. Com., 1(1), 93-96 (2011)  @No $ @ @  Bülow N. and Konig W.A., The role of germacrene D as a precursor in sesquiterpene biosynthesis: investigations of acid catalyzed, photochemically and thermally induced rearrangements, Phytochemistry,55, 141-168 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chwan-Fwu L., YU-Ling ., Mei-yin C., Shuenn-Jyi S. and Chein-Chih C., Analysis of bakuchiol, psoralen and angelicin in crude drugs and commercial concentrated products of fructus Psoraleae, J. Food Drug Anal., 15(4), 433-437 (2007) @No $ @ @ Guo J., Weng X., Wu H., LI Q, Bi K., Antioxidants from a Chinese medicinal herbPsoralea corylifolia, Food Chem., 91(2), 287-292 (2005) @No $ @ @ Erazo S., Gonzalez V., Zaldivar M. and Negrete R., Antimicrobial activity of Psoralea glandulosa L. Int. J. Pharmacognosy, 35(5), 385-387 (1997) @No
<#LINE#>Facile and Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel trans-3-Monosubstituted-3-benzylseleno-β-lactams<#LINE#>Aman@Bhalla,S.S.@Bari,Sunil@Vats,M.L.@Sharma<#LINE#>59-64<#LINE#>09.ISCA-RJCS-2011-240_Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, INDIA <#LINE#>7/11/2011<#LINE#>24/11/2011<#LINE#> A facile and stereoselective synthesis of novel trans-3-monosubstituted-3-benzylseleno--lactams () via Lewis acid mediated functionalization of -lactam carbocation equivalents () with active aromatic and heterocyclic compounds (nucleophiles) is described. The structures of these novels -lactams have been established on the basis of spectroscopic studies (FTIR, H NMR, 13C NMR, 77Se NMR, GCMS) and elemental analysis. The cis or trans configuration of the hydrogen/chloro /nucleophile substitutent at C-3 was assigned with respect to C4-H.  <#LINE#> @ @  (a) Katritzky A.R. and Rees C.W., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, Eds., Pergamon: New York,  ch. 1.18-1.20 (1996); (b) Ojima I. and Delaloge F., Asymmetric synthesis of building-blocks for peptides and peptidomimetics by means of the -lactam synthon method, Chem. Soc. Rev., 26, 377 (1997) ; (c) Ojima I., Recent advances in the beta-lactam synthon method, Acc. Chem. Res., 28, 383 (1995); (d) Magriotis P. A., Recent progress in the enantioselective synthesis of lactams: development of the first catalytic approaches,Angew. Chem., Intl. Ed. Engl., 40, 4377 (2001) @No $ @ @ (a) Bruggink A. Ed., Kluver D., Synthesis of -Lactam Antibiotics: Chemistry, Biocatalysis and Process Integration, Netherlands, (2001) ; (b) Georg G. I., The Organic Chemistry of -Lactam, VCH: New York, 1993) @No $ @ @ (a) Burnett D. A., Caplen M. A., Davis H. R. Jr., Burrie R. E. and Clader J. W., 2-Azetidinones as inhibitors of cholesterol absorption, J. Med. Chem., 37, 1733 (1994); (b) Dugar S., Yumibe N., Clader J. W., Vizziano M., Huie K., van Heek M., Compton D. S. and Davis H. R. Jr., Metabolism and structure activity data based drug design: discovery of () SCH 53079 an analog of the potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor () SCH 48461, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., , 1271 (1996) @No $ @ @ Han W.T., Trehan A.K., Wright J.J.K., Federici M.E., Seiler S.M. and Meanwell N.A., Azetidin-2-one derivatives as inhibitors of thrombin,  Bioorg. Med. Chem.,, 1123 (1995) @No $ @ @ Borthwick A.D., Weingarte G., Haley T.M., Tomaszewski T.M., Wang W., Hu Z., Bedard J., Jin H., Yuen L. and Mansour T.S., Design and synthesis of monocyclic lactams as mechanism-based inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus protease, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.,, 365 (1998) @No $ @ @ Cainelli G., Galletti P., Garbisa S., Giacomini D., Sartor L. and Quintavalla A., Bioorg. Med. Chem., 11, 5391 (2003) @No $ @ @ (a) Doherty J.B., Ashe B.M., Agrenbright L.W., Baker P.L., Bonney R.J., Chandler G.O., Dahlgren M.E. Jr., Dorn C.P., Finke P.E., Firestone R.A., Fletcher D., Hagemann W.K., Munford R., O`Grady L., Maycock A.L., Pisano J.M., Shah S.K., Thompson K.R. and Zimmerman M., Cephalosporin antibiotics can be modified to inhibit human leukocyte elastase, Nature, 322, 192 (1986); (b) Cvetovich R.J., Chartran M., Hartner F.W., Roberge C., Amato J.S. and Grabowski E.J., An asymmetric synthesis of L-694,458, a human leukocyte elastase inhibitor, via novel enzyme resolution of -lactam esters, J. Org. Chem., 61, 6575 (1996) @No $ @ @ (a) Zhou N.E., Guo D., Thomas G., Reddy A.V.N., Kaleta J., Purisima E., Menard R., Micetich R.G. and Singh R., 3-Acylamino-azetidin-2-one as a novel class of cysteine proteases inhibitors, Bioorg.Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 139 2003); (b) Setti E.L., Davis D., Chung T. and McCarter J., 3,4-Disubstituted azetidinones as selective inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin K. exploring P2 elements for selectivity, Bioorg.Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 2051 (2003) @No $ @ @ (a) Smith D.M., Kazi A., Smith L., Long T.E., Heldreth B., Turos E. and Dou Q.P., A Novel -lactam antibiotic activates tumor cell apoptotic program by inducing DNA damage, Mol. Pharmacol., 61, 1348 (2002); (b) Kazi A., Hill R., Long T.E., Kuhn D. J., Turos E. and Dou Q.P., Novel N-thiolated beta-lactam antibiotics selectively induce apoptosis in human tumor and transformed, but not normal or nontransformed, cells, Biochem. Pharmacol., 67, 365 (2004) @No $ @ @ Djandé A., Kiendrébéogo M., Compaoré M., Kaboré L., Nacoulma G.O., Aycard J.P. and Saba A., Antioxidant potentialities of 4-acyl isochroman-1,3-diones, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1, 88, (2011) @No $ @ @  Bhalla A., Madan S., Venugopalan P. and Bari S.S., C-3 -Lactam carbocation equivalents: versatile synthons for C-3   substituted -lactams, Tetrahedron62, 5054 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Venugopalan P. and Bari S.S., Facile stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-3-alkoxyazetidin-2-ones, Tetrahedron,62, 8291 (2006) @No $ @ @  Bhalla A., Rathee S., Madan S., Venugopalan P. and Bari S.S., Lewis acid mediated functionalization of lactams: mechanistic study and synthesis of C-3 unsymmetrically disubstituted azetidin-2-ones, Tetrahedron Lett., 47, 5255 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Venugopalan P. and Bari S.S., A new synthetic approach to novel spiro--lactams, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 4943 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhalla A., Sharma S., Bhasin K.K. and Bari S.S., Convenient Preparation of Benzylseleno- and Phenylselenoalkanoic acids: Reagents for Synthesis of Organoselenium Compounds, Synth. Commun., 37, 783 (2007) @No $ @ @  Bhalla A., Venugopalan P., Bhasin K.K. and Bari S.S., Seleno--lactams: synthesis of monocyclic and spirocyclic selenoazetidin-2-ones Tetrahedron, 63, 3195 (2007) @No $ @ @  Bhalla A., Nagpal Y., Kumar R., Mehta S. K., Bhasin K. K. and Bari S. S., Synthesis and characterization of novel pyridyl/naphthyl/(diphenyl)methylseleno substitutedalkanoicacids: X-ray structure of 2-pyridylselenoethanoic acid, 2-naphthylselenoethanoic acid and 2-(diphenyl)methylselenoethanoic acid ,  J. Organomet. Chem., 694, 179 (2009) @No $ @ @  Bari S.S., Reshma, Bhalla A. and Hundal G., Stereoselective synthesis and Lewis acid mediated functionalization of novel 3-methylthio--lactams, Tetrahedron, 65, 10060 (2009) @No $ @ @  Bari S.S., Arora R., Bhalla A. and Venugopalan P., Facile synthesis of 3-allylidene--lactams via thermal elimination of 3-allyl-3-sulfinyl--lactams, Tetrahedron Lett., 51, 1719 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bari S.S. and Bhalla A., Spirocyclic -Lactams: synthesis and biological evaluation of novel heterocycles, Topics In Heterocyclic Chemistry: Heterocyclic Scaffolds I Lactams, Banik B.K. (Ed.), Springer-Verlog Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 22, 49, ch. 2 (2010) @No $ @ @  Bari S.S., Bhalla A., Nagpal Y., Mehta S.K. and Bhasin K.K., Synthesis and characterization of novel benzyl/(diphenyl)methyl/naphthylseleno substitutedmonocyclic--lactams: X-ray structure of trans-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(diphenyl)methylseleno-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one, J. Organomet. Chem., 695, 1979 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bari S.S., Magtoof M.S. and Bhalla A., Facile radical mediated synthesis of azetidin-2,3-diones: Potential synthons for biologically active compounds, Montash Chem,141, 987, (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Annual Sedimentation Yield and Sediment Characteristics of Upper Lake, Bhopal, India<#LINE#>Rahul@Upadhyay,K.@Pandey,S.K.@Upadhyay,Avinash@Bajpai<#LINE#>65-74<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJCS-2011-244 Done.pdf<#LINE#>S.S.L Jain PG College,  Vidhisha, Dist. Vidhisha, MP, INDIA @ J.S. Government PG College, Baitul, MP, INDIA Makhanlal Chaturvedi University, Bhopal, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>27/11/2011<#LINE#>7/1/2012<#LINE#> Sedimentation in lentic and lotic water resources is the outcome of the land erosion in their catchment area. Land erosion ultimately affects the physical and chemical properties of soils and resulting on-site nutrient loss and off-site sedimentation and nutrients enrichment of water resources. The off-site effects of erosion in the form of sedimentation and nutrients enrichment are usually more pricey and severe than the on-site effects on land resources. Many empirical equations and procedures have been developed for estimating sediment yield at the outlet of a catchment. These regression equations for estimation of annual sediment yield are linked with catchment area, land use patterns, meteorological conditions and runoff generated within the catchment. These equations are widely accepted and used for prediction of sediment yield from the un-gauged catchment area. In the present study Upper Lake, Bhopal and its catchment area is taken as a test case and entire study was aimed with two main objectives, first, to estimate and compare the annul sedimentation yield using different empirical equations and second, to determine the sediment characteristics deposited in the bottom of the Upper Lake. The study results revealed that significant annual sedimentation yield were observed which were found in between 0.22-5.6 Mcum/year. As far as, sediment characteristic is concern, it was also found rich in nutrient and organic loads which may be the significant nutrient contributors to hypo-limnetic lake environment. Therefore, an integrated catchment area plan is imperative which can manage on-site effect of soil erosion that could reduce the risk and negative impacts on downstream Upper Lake ecosystem.  <#LINE#> @ @ SWALIM., Project Report Funded by European Union and Implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2009) @No $ @ @ Narayana D. and Ram Babu., Estimation of soil erosion from India. Irrig. Drain. Div. ASCE, 109(4), 419-434 (1983) @No $ @ @ Aremu M.O., Gav B.L., Opaluwa O.D., Atolaiye B.O., Madu P.C. and Sangari D.U., Assessment of Physicochemical Contaminants in Waters and Fishes from Selected Rivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(4), 6-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dhote Sangeeta and Dixit Savita., Hydro chemical changes in two eutrophic lakes of Central India after immersion of Durga and Ganesh idol, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1), 38-45 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G., Gradient –dominated ecosystems. Sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in fresh water ecosystems, Hydrobiologia,229, 181-198 (1992) @No $ @ @ Garde R.J. and Kothyari U.C., Sediment yield estimation. J. Irrig. and Power (India), 44(3), 97-123, (1987) @No $ @ @ Sondergaard M., Phosphorous release from a hyper-eutrophic lake sediment. experiment with intact sediment cores in a continuous flow from system, Arch.Hydrobiol., 116, 45-59 (1989) @No $ @ @ Gulati R.D and Van Donk E., Lakes in the Netherlands, their origin, eutrophication and restoration: review of the state-of-thr art. Hydrobiologia, (478)73-106 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gulati R.D. et al., Biomanipulation, tool for water management. Hydrobiologia, (200/201), 1-628 (1990) @No $ @ @ Jeppesen E.P., Kristensen J.P., Jensen M., Søndergaard E., Mortensen and Lauridsen T., Recovery resilience following a reduction in external phosphorus loading of shallow eutrophic Danish lakes: Duration, regulating factors and methods for overcoming resilience, Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol.,(48), 137–148 (1991) @No $ @ @ Larsen D.P., Schultz D.W. and Malueg K.W., Summer internal phosphorus supplies in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, Ltmnol. Oceanogr., (26), 740-753 (1981) @No $ @ @ Rossi G. and Premazzi G., Delay in lake recovery caused by internal loading. Water Research, 25(8), 567-575 (1991) @No $ @ @ Lang R.D. and McCaffrey L.A.H., Ground cover - its effects on soil loss from grazed runoff plots, Gunnedah., J. Soil Conserv., NSW (40), 56-61(1984) @No $ @ @ Morris G.L., Reservoir sedimentation and sustainable development in India. In: Proc. Sixth Int. Symp. on River Sedimentation (New Delhi, India), 57-61(1995) @No $ @ @ Information sheet on Ramsar Wetlands http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2IN011en.pdf Accessed on 03.10.2011, (2011) @No $ @ @ Khosla A.N., Silting of Reservoir, New Delhi Publication No. 51. CBIP (1953) @No $ @ @ Dhruvanarayana V.V. and Rambabu., Estimates of Soil Erosion in India, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 109/4 (1983) @No $ @ @ Garde R.J. and Kothyari U.C., Sediment yield estimation. J. Irrig. and Power India,44(3), 97-123 (1987) @No $ @ @ Walkley A. and Black I.A., An estimation of the digital method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Science 37, 29-38 (1934) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.L., Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi (1967) @No $ @ @ Black C.A., Methods of soil analysis, Parts 1 and 2, Agronomy Monograph 9 (Revised), Amer. Soc. Agron, Madison, Wisconsin (1982) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K., and Goel P.K., Environmental Publication, Karad, (1986) @No $ @ @ Upadhyay et.al., Limno-Chemistry and Nutrient Dynamics in Upper Lake, Bhopal, India., Environment Monitoring and Assessment, DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2480-1 (2011) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Separation of Cobalt(II) from Sodium Acetate media using  Cyanex 272<#LINE#>G.H.@Nikam,B.S.@Mohite<#LINE#>75-82<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJCS-2011-246_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Analytical and Environmental Research Lab, Department of Chemistry,Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, MH, INDIA @ PG Department of Chemistry, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur, Dist.-Kolhapur, MH, INDIA <#LINE#>29/11/2011<#LINE#>15/12/2011<#LINE#> A simple liquid-liquid extraction method has been developed for the quantitative extraction of cobalt(II) from an aqueous solution of 0.5 M sodium acetate using cyanex 272 [bis (2,4,4-trimethyl phenyl) phosphinic acid] in toluene as extractant. Cobalt(II) was quantitatively back extracted from the organic phase using 3.0 M nitric acid. The effects of various parameters affecting the extraction equilibrium of cobalt(II) such as sodium acetate concentration, cyanex 272 concentration, equilibration time, effect of various diluents, diverse ions and stripping agents have been studied. The separation of cobalt(II) from various binary as well as multicomponent mixtures has been achieved depending on the difference in the extraction and stripping behavior towards these metals. The method was extended for the separation and determination of cobalt(II) from real samples. The reliability of method is assured by comparison of the results with those obtained using AAS. <#LINE#> @ @  Rakhi C. and Shelly, Synthesis spectra and pharmaceutical study of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) coordination complexes, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(5), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @   Mostafa M., Metal chelates of hydrazone ligand chelating tendancies of 2carboxyphenylhydrazoacetoacetanilide (2-cphaaa) ligand, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(7), 1-14 (2011) @No $ @ @  Aminian H. and Bazin C., Solvent extraction equilibria in copper(II)-iron(II)-LIX-984 system, Miner. Eng., (13), 667-672 (2000) @No $ @ @   Rickelton W.A., Flett D.S. and West D.W., Cobalt and nickel separation by solvent extraction with dialkyl phosphinic acid, Proceedings of International Solvent Extraction conference, Denver, Colorado, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 195-195 (1983) @No $ @ @   Pretson J.S., Solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel by organophophorous acids. I. Comparison of phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid systems, Hydrometallurgy, (9), 115-133 (1982) @No $ @ @   Tsakiridis P.E. and Agatzini S.L., Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium from sulphate solutions by cyanex 272 and cyanex 302, Miner. Eng., (17), 913-923 (2004) @No $ @ @  Swain B., Jeong J., Lee J.C. and Lee G.H., Extraction of Co(II) by supported liquid membrane and solvent extraction using cyanex 272 as an extractant: A comparison study, J. Membr. Sci., (288), 139-148 (2007) @No $ @ @   Swain B., Jeong J., Lee J.C. and Lee G.H., Separation of Co(II) and Li(II) by supported liquid membrane using cyanex 272 as mobile carrier, J. Membr. Sci., (297), 253-261 (2007) @No $ @ @  Ocana N. and Alguacil F.J. Cobalt-manganese separation: the extraction of Co(II) from manganese sulphate solutions by cyanex 301, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.,(73), 211-216 (1998) @No $ @ @   Bourget C., Jakovljevic B. and Nucciarone D., Cyanex 301 binary extractant systems in cobalt / nickel recovery from acidic sulphate solutions, Hydrometallurgy, (77), 203-218 (2005) @No $ @ @   Dhadke P.M. and Ajgaonkar H.S., Liquid-liquid extraction of cobalt (II) and manganese with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (cyanex 302), Indian J. Chem. Technol., 3(6), 358-362 (1996) @No $ @ @  Sarangi K., Reddy B.R. and Das R.P., Extraction studies of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) from chloride solution using Na-cyanex 272, Separation of Co(II)/Ni(II) by the sodium salts of DEHPA, PC88A and cyanex 272 and their mixtures, Hydrometallurgy, (52), 253-264 (1999) @No $ @ @  Swain B., Jeong J., Lee J.C. and Lee G.H., Separation of cobalt and lithium from mixed sulphate solution using Na-cyanex 272, Hydrometallurgy, (84), 130-138 (2006) @No $ @ @   Sahu S.K., Agrawal A., Pandey B.P. and Kumar V., Extractive separation of copper, cobalt and nickel from leach liquor of the copper concentrate using LIX 84 and Na-Cyanex 272, Miner. Eng., (17), 913-923 (2004) @No $ @ @   Darvishi D., Haghshenas D.F., Alamdari E.K., Sadrnezhaad S.K. and Halali M., Synergistic effect of cyanex 272 and cyanex 302 on separation of cobalt and nickel by DEHPA, Hydrometallurgy, (77), 227-238 (2005) @No $ @ @   Nogueira C.A. and Delmas F., New flowsheet for the recovery of cadmium, cobalt and nickel from spent Ni-Cd batteries by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, (52), 267-287 (1999) @No $ @ @   Gupta B., Deep A. and Malik P., Extraction and recovery of cadmium using cyanex 923, Hydrometallurgy, (61), 65-71 (2005) @No $ @ @   Reddy B.R., Priya D.N., Rao S.V. and Radhika P., Solvent extraction and separation of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) from chloride leach liquors of spent Ni-Cd batteries using commercial organophosphorous extractants, Hydrometallurgy, (77), 253-261 (2005) @No $ @ @   Reddy B.R. and Priya D.N., Chloride leaching and solvent extraction of cadmium, cobalt and nickel from spent nickel-cadmium batteries using cyanex 923 and 272, J. Power Sources, (161), 1428-1434 (2006) @No $ @ @   Li L., Xu S., Ju Z. and Wu F., Recovery of Ni, Co and rare earths from spent Ni-metal hydride batteries and preparation of spherical Ni(OH), Hydrometallurgy, (100), 41-46 (2009) @No $ @ @   Rodrigues L. and Mansur M.B., Hydrometallurgical separation of rare earth elements, cobalt and nickel from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries, J. Power Sources, (195), 3735-3741 (2010) @No $ @ @   Reddy B.R. and Sharma B., Separation of Co and Ni from Sulphate solutions of Indian Ocean nodules using cyanex 272, Miner. Metall. Process, (18), 172 (2001) @No $ @ @   Parhi P.K., Panigrahi S., Sarangi K. and Nathsarma K.C., Separation of cobalt nickel from ammonical sulphate solution using cyanex 272, Sep. Purif. Technol., (59), 310-317 (2008) @No $ @ @   Tsakiridis P.E. and Agatzini S.L., Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium and calcium from sulphate solutions by versatic 10 and cyanex 272, Miner. Eng., (17), 535-543 (2004) @No $ @ @   Vogel A.I., A textbook of quantitative inorganic analysis including elementary instrumental analysis, rd edition, The English language book society and Longman, 528 (1975) @No $ @ @   Pollard F.H., Hanson P. and Geary W., 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-resorcinol as a possible analytical reagent for the estimation of cobalt, lead and uranium, J. Anal. Chim. Acta, (20), 26 (1959) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Study on Physico-Chemical Characterization of Some Lotic System of South Gujarat, India<#LINE#>G.M.@Malik,M.P.@Joshi,S.K.@Zadafiya,V.H.@Raval<#LINE#>83-85<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJCS-2011-227_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Navyug Science College, Surat – Gujarat, INDIA  <#LINE#>20/10/2011<#LINE#>5/11/2011<#LINE#> Physico-chemical monitoring of six rivers between Navsari District to Valsad District of South Gujarat was carried out during April-August 2010. Random sampling stations were selected for all the rivers to know the quality of flowing water as the potability of water is the matter of concern. The analysis was carried out for parameters like pH, temperature, colour, odour, DO, COD, BOD, TDS, SS, chloride, silica, total hardness, total alkalinity and phosphate. The result obtained from the present work indicates that there are diverse contaminations and pollution in River Auranga at Valsad with compared to rest of the rivers. Therefore it is unsafe to use directly for potable purpose and hence needs more attention. <#LINE#> @ @ Surat city Development Plan (2006-2011) @No $ @ @ Singh Vijender, Assessment of the Quality of Drinking Water in Outer Rural Delhi. I. Physico-Chemical Characteristics. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, (3),(2006) @No $ @ @ Shrinivasarao V., Khan A.M, Murthy Y.L.N, Viplavprasad U. and Machiraju P.V.S, Assesment of Water quality of Godawari River at Nanded, Maharastra and Rajahmundry, Andra Pradesh, India, Research Journal of chemistry and Environment, 12(1),(2008) @No $ @ @ Iqbal S.A., Alam Masood, Abrahim Mohammed and Farooqui Sadaf, Physico-Chemical Studies of Halali River Reserviour with Special reference to Water Quality. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 18(1) 151-154 (2002) @No $ @ @ Langar Bindiya, Saikh H.N. and Kalsotra B.L., Chemical Composition of some streams in Jammu Province-I, Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment,7(2),  (2003) @No $ @ @ Chaturvedi Samiksha, Kumar Dinesh and Singh R.V., Study on some Physico-chemical characteristics of Flowing Water of Ganges River at Hardwar, Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 7(3) (2003) @No $ @ @ Maiti S.K., Handbook of Methods Environmental studies 1, Water and Wastewater analysis  @No $ @ @ WHO’s Guideline for Drinking Water Quality, set up in Geneva, are the International reference point for Standard Setting and Drinking Water Safety (1993) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control federation, 19th, Washington, DC, (1995) @No $ @ @ Davis S.N., Dewiest R., Hydrogeology, John Wiley and sons, New York (1996) @No 
<#LINE#>Influence of Expansion Valves on Gasification in Ammonia Storage Systems<#LINE#>A.O.@Gezerman,B.D.@Corbacioglu<#LINE#>86-88<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJCS-2011-229_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Yildiz Technical University, Chemical- Metallurgical Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul, TURKEY <#LINE#>22/10/2011<#LINE#>18/11/2011<#LINE#> To use ammonia for industrial purposes, it should be stored under atmospheric conditions ( 1 atm, -33° C). The equipment necessary for ensuring these conditions includes multi-stage compressors and expansion valves. In this study, the influence of the expansion valves on the expansion of compressed ammonia was investigated, and related calculations were performed by making some assumptions. <#LINE#> @ @  Haar L., and Gallagher J.S. Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 7(3),(1978) @No $ @ @  Kirshenbaum I., and Harold C., The Differences in the Vapor Pressures, Heats of Vaporization, and Triple Points of Nitrogen (14) and Nitrogen (15) and of Ammonia and Trideuteroammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 10, 706-709 (1942) @No $ @ @  Kucuksahin F., Teknik Formuller, Beta, (1), 192,  (1989) @No $ @ @ Yurtseven H. and Salihoglu S., Critical Behavior of Ammonia near the Melting Point, Chin. J. Phys.,40, 4 (2002) @No $ @ @ Glasser L., Equations of State and Phase Diagrams of Ammonia, J. Chem. Educ., 86, 1457 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yurtseven H. and Karacali H., Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Molar Volume in Solid Phases of Ammonia near the Melting Point, J. Mol. Liq., 142, (1-3), 88-94 (2008) @No $ @ @ Savas S., and Yalcin E., Tek ve Cift Kademeli Amonyakli Soutma Sistemlerinde Daha Basit Donanim Imkanlari, Tesisat Mühendislii Dergisi, 94, 5-16 (2006) @No $ @ @  Haar L., Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia as an Ideal Gas, J. Res. N. Res. N. Bureau St. A. Phys. Chem., 72A, 2 (1968) @No $ @ @  Harrison R.H., and Kobe K.A. , Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia, Chem. Eng. Progress, 49, 351 (1953) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Application of Super-molecules in Solar Energy Conversion- A Review<#LINE#>H.C.@Mandalia,V.K.@Jain,N.@PattanaikB.<#LINE#>89-102<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJCS-2011-239_Done.pdf<#LINE#>R&D Centre, Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizer Company Ltd. (GNFC), Narmadanagar - 392 015, Bharuch, Gujarat, INDIA @ Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>2/11/2011<#LINE#>19/11/2011<#LINE#> As molecules are made up by atoms, super-molecules are made up by suitably arranged molecular components. The review concentrates on the recent progress in studies of modified super-molecules and their applications towards solar energy conversation are described. The comprehensive review contains 61 references.  <#LINE#> @ @ Lehn J.M., Supramolecular chemistry-scope and perspectives molecules, supermolecules, and molecular devices (Nobel Lecture), Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 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@Mini Review Paper
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