International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Wound healing activity of Mangifera indica seed extracts in Wistar Rats

Author Affiliations

  • 1Industrial Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 2Industrial Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 12, Issue (1), Pages 1-13, February,18 (2022)

Abstract

Mangifera indica is among the plants of high medicinal value in ethno medicine’s system in Nigeria that is used in treating many ailments. Different parts of M. indica plant have been widely used but the activity of its seed extracts for healing of wound has not been documented scientifically hence the need for precise information about this so as to be able to expand the use of the plant and thereby include its integration into modern medical healthcare systems. Present study investigated the activity of hexane and methanolic seed extracts of M. indica for healing of wounds using Wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis of the seed extracts was determined so as to know their various phytoconstituents. The extracts were examined for antimicrobial activity on multiple drug resistant bacteria (P. aeruginosa: PA, S. aureus: SA, B. subtilis: BS and E. coli: EA) and fungi (A. niger: AN and C. albicans: CA) using agar technique of pour plate and surface plate dilution respectively. The effect of M. indica seeds for healing of wound was evaluated by incorporating the hexane and methanol extracts into paraffin in 5% and 10% (v/v) concentrations. 35 Wistar rats which were distributed into 5 groups of n=7 in each group, were given water plus feed continually for the study that lasted for a period of 21 days. The weight, area of wound (mm2) and wound closure percentage were noted on a four-day basis with epitheliasation of each wound measured from the 16th to 20th day of study period. Blood samples with skin and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, lung and spleen) of animals from each group were then subjected to haematological and histopathological analyses respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the existence of various chemical constituents including tannins, glycosides plus phenols. M. indica methanol extract recorded MIC value of 12.5% against SA, BS, CS and PA while that of AN was 25%. MIC value for M. indica hexane extract was 12.5% against SA, 25% against BS, CA, EC and PA and 50% against AN. Group 3 rats that were treated with 5% (v/v) methanol extract ointment formulate of M. indica seeds had the fastest epithelialisation time with healing time of 16.74±0.18 days as compared with control rats (group 1) that had ointment for treatment. Almost all the test rats treated with both methanol and hexane extracts displayed epithelialisation times that were better and faster than those of the control rats. The control and test rats showed no significant differences for their histopathological and haematological analyses results. This is an indication that the extracts contain chemical constituent that accelerated the wound healing process. M. indica seed extract exhibited good efficacy for wound healing and might therefore serve as a good replacement for conventional ointment used in treatment of wound.

References

  1. Dalziel, J. M. (2000)., The useful plants of West Tropical Africa., 2nd revised version. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. 52-560.
  2. Oliver-bever, B. (2010)., Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa., Cambridge University press, New York, London: 1-345.
  3. Musila, M. N., Ngal, D. N., Mbiri, J. W., Njagi, S. M., Mbinda, W. M. and Ngugi, M. P. (2017)., Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of methanolic extract of Caesalpina volkensii (Harms)., Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 8, 1-8.
  4. Han, C., Kim, M, Moon, S., Jeon, Y., Hwng, J. Nam, C and Park, C. and Lee, S., et al. (2015)., Acute and 28-Day subacute toxicity studies of hexane extracts of the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon in Sprague-Dawley rats., Toxicological Research, 31, 403-414.
  5. Ajayi, I. A. and Omolere, O. B. (2018)., Evaluation of the wound healing activity of Mangifera indica seed extract in wistar rats., Proceedings of the 13th iSTEAM Multidisciplinary Conference, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, 2, 61-78.
  6. Ajayi, I. A., Raji A. A. and Umeh, A. R. (2015)., Investigation into the wound healing activity of Monodora myristica and Monodora tenuifolia seed extracts in albino rats., American Chemical Society Journal, 9, 1-16.
  7. Ajayi, I. A. and Nwangwu, M. (2019)., Wound healing activity of Mangifera indica and Blighia sapida seeds in wistar rat., Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 44, 603-614.
  8. Ajayi, I. A., & Omolere, O. B. (2020)., Investigation of Wound Healing Potential of Azadirachta indica Seed Extract using Wistar Rats., Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 45(6).
  9. Ajayi, I. A. and Ojelere, O. (2014)., Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of the ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plant seeds from South-West Nigeria., Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9, 80-85.
  10. Harborne, J. B. (1998)., Phytochemical methods, a guide to modern technique of plant analysis., 3rd edition Chapman and Hall, London. 1-170.
  11. Ayoola, G. A., Coker, H. A., Adesegun, S. A., Adepoju-Bello, A. A., and Obayewa, K., et al. (2008)., Phytochemical screeningand antioxidant activitiesof some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria., Tropical journal Pharmaceutical Research, 7, 1019-24.
  12. Sarker, S. D., Nahar, L. and Kumarasamy, Y. (2007)., Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating reassuring as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemical methods., Ethnopharmacology, 42, 321–324.
  13. Powar, M., Khan, N. A. and Mahaeshwari, K. K. (2017)., Evaluation of acute and subacute oral toxicity induced by ethanolic extract of Marsdenia tenacissima leaves in experimental rats., Scientia Pharmaceutica, 85, 29. doi:10.330/scipharm85030029.
  14. Carter S. L. (1996)., Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students., 12th Edition, CBS Publisher and Distributors: Dehli, India.
  15. Nayak, B., Sandiford, S. and Maxwel, A. 2009. Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia L. Leaf. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6: 351–356., undefined, undefined
  16. Anusha, B. and Nithya, V. (2012)., Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of Hibiscus Rosa sinensis L (Malvaceae) in wistar albino rats., Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 44, 694–698.
  17. Sharath, R., Harish, B., Krishna, V., Sathyanarayana, B. and Kumara, S. H. (2010)., Wound healing and protease inhibition activity of bacoside-a, isolated from Bacopamonnieri wettest., Phytotherapy Resource, 24, 1217–1222.
  18. Das, N., Goshwami, D., Hassan, M., Sharif, R. and Zahir, S. (2015)., Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity induced by methanol extract of Terminalia citrina leaves in Sprague Dawley rats., Journal Acute Disease, 4, 316-231.
  19. Ghardirkhomi, A., Safaeian, L., Zolfaghari, B., Ghazvini, M. R. A. and Rezaei, P. (2016)., Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of Pinus eldarica bark extract in wistar rats., Avicenna Journal of Biomedicine, 6, 558- 567.
  20. Bigoniya, P., Sahu, T. and Tiwari, V. (2015)., Haematological and biochemical effects of sub-chronic artesunate exposure in rats., Toxicological Reports, 2, 280-288.
  21. Dacie, J. V. and Lewis M. (1991)., Practical Haematology Medical division of Longman group UK Ltd., 5th, Edinburg, New York pp 1-300.
  22. Ajayi, I. A. and Ifedi, E. N. (2016)., Proximate analysis and toxicological studies of Polyalthia longifolia seed flour in dietary formulation of albino rats., American Chemical Science Journal, 15, 1-12.
  23. Ifedi, E. N., Ajayi, I. A., Anibuko, S. A. (2017)., Assessment of acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of Neocarya macrophylla seed cake on wistar rats., Annals. Food Science and Technology, 18, 700-712.
  24. Ping, K.Y., Darah, I., Chen, Y., Sreeramanan, S. and Sasidharan, S. (2013)., Acute and subchronic toxicity study of Euphorbia hirta L. methanol extracts in rats., Biomedical Research International, 182064-182071.
  25. Scortichini, M. and Pia Rossi, M. (1991)., Preliminary in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of triterpenes and terpenoids towards Erwinia amylovora (Burrill)., Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 71, 109-112.
  26. Sasidhran, S, Nilawatyi, R, Xavier, R. and Latha, Y.L. (2010)., Wound healing potential of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in an infected albino rat model., Molecules, 15, 3186-3199.
  27. Shirwaikar, A., Shenoy, R., Udupa, A. L. and Shetty, S. (2003)., Wound healing property of ethanolic extract of leaves of Hyptis suaveolens with supportive role of antioxidant enzymes., Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 41, 238–241.
  28. Pavendan, P., Sebastian R. C. (2012)., Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Eugenia singampattia Bedd. Endangered medicinal plant leaves extract., International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 4, 476-480.
  29. Mary, B., Priya, K. S., Gnanamani, A. and Radhakrishnan, N. (2002)., Healing potential of Datura alba on Suguna, L, Singh, S, Sivakumar, P, Sampath, P. and Chandrakasan, G. Influence of Terminalia chebula on dermal wound healing in rats., Phytotherapy Resource, 16, 227-231.
  30. Lopez-Lazaro, M. (2009)., Distribution and biological activities of the flavonoid luteolin., Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 9, 31–59.
  31. Suguna, L, Sivakumar, P. and Chandrakasan, G. (1996)., Effects of Centella asciata extract on dermal wound healing in rats., Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 34, 1208-1211.
  32. Raphael, C. E. and Obioma, U. N. (2014)., Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity study on the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed in albino rats., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4, 194-202.
  33. Chattopadhyay, D., Maiti, K., Kundu, A. P., Chakrabarty, M. S., Bhadra, R., Mandal, S. C. and Mandal, A. B. (2001)., Antimicrobial activity of Alstonia macrophylla: Folklore of bay Islands., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77, 49–55.
  34. Shuid, A. N., Anwar, M. S. and Yusof, A. (2005)., The effects of Carica papaya Linn. latex on the healing of burn wounds in rats., Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 39, 47-56.
  35. Nath, P. and Yadav, A. K. (2014)., Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of the methanolic extract from leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. in mice., Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 4, 70-73.