International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Kinematic Analysis of Runners in the 2011 Olympus Marathon

Author Affiliations

  • 1National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GREECE, EU
  • 2Sniadecki University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, POLAND, EU

Res. J. of Physical Education Sci., Volume 1, Issue (1), Pages 7-12, March,23 (2013)

Abstract

Academic libraries exist to support the educational goals of their parent institution; one of such roles being to provide. This paper presents analysis of long distance running (44 km) in the 2011 Olympus Marathon in Greece, EU. The course consists of 21 km of an ascending leg (mean leaning angle of 7 degrees) and 23 km of a descending leg (mean leaning angle of 6 degrees). It starts at 3 m above the sea level, runs up to the summit at 2780 m and descends to the level of 320 m. From about 500 runners, the first 50 to reach the finish line were investigated. Their mean velocity over the whole course differed significantly, but the distribution of velocity along the whole course was similar for the 10 first runners at the finish, for runners from places 11 to 30 and for those from 31 to 50. It was anticipated that running uphill would be slower and running downhill would be faster, but the last fragment of the marathon (descending) was run with similar velocity to the first fragment (ascending). This was due to the level of fatigue experienced by the runners. Apart from the rest, the winner ran the last sector faster, as has been previously seen for other world level runners and for sportspersons in other long distance sport disciplines presented in other articles. The winner had an ascending mean velocity of 2.29 m/s, a descending mean velocity of 3.14 m/s and a mean velocity for the whole race of 2.67 m/s, with a standard deviation of 6 fragments equalling 0.576 m/s. Fluctuation of velocity (standard deviation/mean velocity) was smaller for better runners compared to the worse runners.

References

  1. Hadzelek K., (ed.) Small encyclopedia of sport (in Polish),Warsaw: Sport and Tourism (1986), undefined, undefined
  2. Miller D., The official history of the Olympic Games and theIOC, Athens to Beijing, 1894-2008. Translated to Polish,Poznan, Poland: REBIS Publishing House (2008)
  3. Buman M.P., Brewer B.W., Cornelius A.E., Van Raake J.L.and Petitpas A.J., Hitting the wall in the marathon:Phenomenological characteristics and association withexpectancy, gender, and running history, Psychol Sport Exerc,9, 177-190 (2008)
  4. Buman M.P., Brewer B.W., Cornelius A.E., A discrete-timehazard model of hitting the wall in recreational marathonrunners, Psychol Sport Exerc. 10, 662-666 (2009)
  5. Rapoport B.I., Metabolic factors limiting performance inmarathon runners, PLoS Comput Biol 6(10):e1000960.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960 (2010)
  6. Costill D.L., , Scientific bases of long distance training (inPolish), Sport Wyczynowy (Competetive sport), 9, 1-76 (1976)
  7. Fox E.L., Bowers R.W., Foss M.L., The Physiological Basis ofPhysical Education and Athletics, (4th ed.). Philadelphia,Penn.: Saunders College Publishing (1988)
  8. Erdmann W.S. and Lipinska P., Kinematics of marathonrunning’s tactics, Part one: course profile. In Schwameder, H.,Strutzenberger, G., Fastenbauer, V., Lindinger, S., Muller E.(eds.) XXIV International Symposium on Biomechanics inSports. Proceedings, 2, 689-692 (2006)
  9. Lipinska P., Kinematic Quantities and Geometry of a Courseand Tactics of Marathon Run (in Polish), Doctoral dissertation,Gdansk: J. Sniadecki University of Physical Education andSport (2005)
  10. Lipinska P. and Erdmann W.S., Kinematics of marathonrunning. Part two: distribution of velocity, In H. Menzel, andM.H. Chagas (eds.) XXV International Symposium onBiomechanics in Sports, Proceedings 483-486 (2007)
  11. Erdmann W.S., Giovanis V., Investigations on kinematics ofgiant slalom, In: Miyashita M.,Fukunaga T. – eds. Proceedings, XVI Congress of theInternational Society of Biomechanics (79), Tokyo: Universityof Tokyo (1997)
  12. Erdmann W.S., Urbanski R., , Investigation of tactics of OlympicGames Sydney 2000 men rowing crews based on velocity ofboats. In: Blackwell J.R. (ed.) Proceedings, XIX Symposium ofthe International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. Works inProgress (5). San Francisco: University of San Francisco(2001)
  13. Erdmann W.S., Kinematics of Tactics of men’s 1500 mFreestyle Swimming at 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials Finals, Research Yearbook. Studies in Physical Education and Sport(currently name: Baltic Journal of Health and PhysicalActivity), 14(2), 92-98 (2008)
  14. Wrzosek P., , Analysis of tactics of individual running of a courseof Road Bicycle Championships in Mendrisio 2009, Melbourne2010, Copenhagen 2011 (in Polish). Master Thesis, Gdansk:Sniadecki University of Physical Education and Sport (2012)
  15. www.olympus-marathon.com; accessed: 30 Aug (2011)