International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

A Comparative study of Auditory Evoked Potential in Young Obese and Normal Subjects

Author Affiliations

  • 1Institute of Physiology and Exp. Med., Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
  • 2 Dept. of Physiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College and RI, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Medical Sci., Volume 1, Issue (8), Pages 11-14, September,28 (2013)

Abstract

Obesity is a metabolic syndrome associated with many established neurological conditions like meralgia paresthetica, migraine, carpal tunnel syndrome. Well documented defects in nerve conduction, dysfunction involving both peripheral motor and sensory nerves is observed in obese individuals. There is no documented study of cranial nerve involvement in obese individuals. Hence this study was performed to assess the Auditory nerve by auditory evoked potential in young obese Indian adult individuals. Auditory evoked potentials of young obese adults aged between 15 and 30 years were compared with normal. The study recruited 60 age and sex matched normal hearing (confirmed by Pure Tone Audiometry) obese and control subjects. One way ANOVA test was used for the inferential statistics. A significant (P0.05) increase in the latencies of auditory evoked potential waves I, III, V and no significant change in the inter peak latencies of waves I-III, III-V and I-V were observed in both ears of obese individuals compared with normal subjects. This study demonstrates that the obese individuals are prone to develop early conduction defect to auditory nerve.

References

  1. Friedrich M.J., Epidemic of obesity expands its spread to developing countries, JAMA, 287(11), 1382- 86 (2002)
  2. Friedman N. and Fanning E.L., Overweight and obesity: an overview of prevalence, clinical impact, and economic impact, Dis. Manag., 7 Suppl. 1, S1-6 (2004)
  3. Bellows-Riecken K.H. and Rhodes R.E., A birth of inactivity? A review of physical activity and parenthood, Prev. Med., 46 (2), 99–110 (2008)
  4. World Health Organisation, Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic, World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser., 894, i-xii, 1-253 (2000)
  5. Yadav K. and Krishnan A., Changing patterns of diet, physical activity and obesity among urban, rural and slum populations in north India, Obes. Rev., 9 (5), 400–8 (2008)
  6. Allison D.B., Fontaine K.R., Manson J.E., Stevens J. and VanItallie T.B., Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States, JAMA , 282(16), 1530–1538 (1999)
  7. Mokdad A.H., Marks J.S., Stroup D.F. and Gerberding J.L., Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000, JAMA, 291(10), 1238–45 (2004)
  8. Pischon T., Boeing H., Hoffmann K., Bergmann M., Schulze M.B., Overvad K., van der Schouw Y.T., Spencer E., Moons K.G., Tjønne land A., Halkjaer J., Jensen M.K., Stegger J., Clavel-Chapelon F., Boutron-Ruault M.C., Chajes V., Linseisen J., Kaaks R., Trichopoulou A., Trichopoulos D., Bamia C., Sieri S., Palli D., Tumino R.,Vineis P., Panico S., Peeters P.H., May A.M., Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B., van Duijnhoven F.J., Hallmans G., Weinehall L., Manjer J., Hedblad B., Lund E., Agudo A., Arriola L., Barricarte A., Navarro C., Martinez C., Quirós J.R., Key T., Bingham S., Khaw K.T., Boffetta P., Jenab M., Ferrari P. and Riboli E., General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe, N. Engl. J. Med.,359(20), 2105–20 (2008)
  9. Barness L.A., Opitz J.M. and Gilbert-Barness E., Obesity: genetic, molecular, and environmental aspects, Am. J. Med. Genet. A., A 143A (24), 3016–34 (2007)
  10. Whitlock G., Lewington S., Sherliker P., Clarke R., Emberson J., Halsey J., Qizilbash N., Collins R. and Peto R., Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies, Lancet , 373(9669), 1083–96 (2009)
  11. Chakravarthy M.V. and Booth F.W., Eating, exercise, and "thrifty" genotypes: Connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases, J. Appl. Physiol., 96(1), 3–10 (2004)
  12. Haslam D.W. and James W.P., "Obesity", Lancet,366(9492), 1197–209, (2005)
  13. Harney D. and Patijn J., Meralgia paresthetica: diagnosis and management strategies, Pain Med.,8(8), 669–77 (2007)
  14. Bigal M.E. and Lipton R.B., Obesity and chronic daily headache, Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 12 (1), 56–61 (2008)
  15. Sharifi-Mollayousefi A., Yazdchi-Marandi M. and Ayramlou H., Assessment of body mass index and hand anthropometric measurements as independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome, Folia Morphol. (Warsz), 67(1),36–42 (2008)
  16. Beydoun M.A., Beydoun H.A. and Wang Y., Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes. Rev., 9(3), 204–18 (2008)
  17. Wall M., Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep., 8 (2), 87–93 (2008)
  18. Jurdak N.and Kanarek R.B., Sucrose-induced obesity impairs novel object recognition learning in young rats, Physiol. Behav.,96(1), 1-5 (2009)
  19. Viitala P.E., Ian J. Newhouse, Norm LaVoie and Christine Gottardo, The effects of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on resistance exercise induced lipid peroxidation in trained and untrained participants, Lipids Health Dis.,3, 14 (2004)
  20. Yamaguchi Y., Yoshikawa N., Kagota S., Nakamura K., Haginaka J. and Kunitomo M., Elevated circulating levels of markers of oxidative-nitrative stress and inflammation in a genetic rat model of metabolic syndrome, Nitric Oxide, 15(4), 380-6 (2006)
  21. Robertsa C.K. and Sindhub K.K., Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome, Life sci., 84(21-22)
  22. Calle E.E., Rodriguez C., Walker-Thurmond K. and Thun M.J., Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults, N. Engl. J. Med., 348(17), 1625–38 (2003)
  23. Landau M.E., Barner K.C. and Campbell W.W., Effect of body mass index on ulnar nerve conduction velocity, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and carpal tunnel syndrome, Muscle nerve, 32(3), 360-3 (2005)
  24. Miscio G., Guastamacchia G, Brunani A., Priano L., Baudo S. and Mauro A., Obesity and peripheral neuropathy risk: a dangerous liaison, J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst., 10(4), 354-8 2005) 25.Guideline 9A: “Guidelines on Evoke Potentials” 2006, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, J. Clin. Neurophysio.,23(2), 125-37 (2006)
  25. Trayhurn P. and Beattie J.H., Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ, Proc. Nutr. Soc.,60(3), 329–39 (2001)
  26. Trayhurn P. and Wood I.S., Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue, Br. J. Nutr.,92(3), 347–55 (2004)
  27. Subramanian V., Ferrante Jr. A.W., Kalhan S.C., Prentice A.M. and Yajnik C.S., Obesity, Inflammation, and Macrophages: Emerging Societies – Coexistence of Childhood Malnutrition and Obesity, Nestlé Nutr. Inst. Workshop. Ser. Pediatr. Program., 63, 151–62 (2009)
  28. Sartipy P. and Loskutoff D.J., Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in obesity and insulin resistance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S .A.,100(12), 7265–70 (2003)
  29. Dandona P., Aljada A., Ghanim H., Mohanty P., Tripathy C., Hofmeyer D., Chaudhuri A., Increased plasma concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and MIF mRNA in mononuclear cells in the obese and the suppressive action of metformin, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89(10), 5043-7 (2004)
  30. Rajala M.W. and Scherer P.E., Minireview : The adipocyte at the crossroads of energy homeostasis, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Endocrinology, 144(9), 3765–73 (2003)
  31. Gerhardt C.C., Romero I.A., Cancello R., Camoin L. and Strosberg A.D., Chemokines control fat accumulation and leptin secretion by cultured human adipocytes, Mol. Cell Endocrinol., 175(1-2), 81–92 (2001)
  32. Ghanim H., Aljada A., Hofmeyer D., Syed T., Mohanty P. and Dandona P., Circulating mononuclear cells in the obese are in a pro inflammatory state, Circulation, 110(12),1564–71 (2004)
  33. Skurk T., Herder C., Kra¨ft I., Mu¨ ller-Scholze S., Hauner H. and Kolb H., Production and release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from human adipocytes, Endocrinology , 146(3), 1006–11 (2005)
  34. Hasty A.H., Gruen M.L., Terry E.S., Surmi B.K., Atkinson R.D., Gao L. and Morrow J.D., Effects of vitamin E on oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in an obese hyperlipidemic mouse model, J. Nutr. Biochem., 18(2),127-33 (2007)
  35. Molna´r1 D., Decsi T. and Koletzko B., Reduced antioxidant status in obese children with multi metabolic syndrome, Int. J. of Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 28(10),1197–202 (2004)
  36. Soheta F.M., Neyrinck A.M., Barbara D., Pachikian B.D., de Backer F.C., Bindels L.B., Niklowitz P., Menke T., Cani P.D. and Delzenne N.M., Coenzyme Q10 supplementation lowers hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity in mice, Biochem. Pharmacol., 78(11), 1391-400 (2009)
  37. Matsuzawa-Nagat N., Takamura T., Ando H., Nakamura S., Kurita S., Misu H., Ota T., Yokoyam M., Honda M., Miyamoto K. and Kaneko S., Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity, Metabolism, 57(8), 1071-7 (2008)