Indigenous Knowledge and Women Entrepreneurs among Rajbanshis: A Case Study

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Indigenous Knowledge and Women Entrepreneurs among Rajbanshis: A Case Study

Ashok Das Gupta

Author Affiliations

¹ Department of Anthropology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Social Sci., Volume 2, Issue (2), Pages 12-20, February,14 (2013)

Abstract

This the era of global market economy and disparities are ever increasing. Access to credit is a matter of fact. Micro-credit for women in developing and underdeveloped countries supports their empowerment. Case studies are taken from rural Rajbanshi womenfolk of northern West Bengal plains of India.

References

Das Gupta. A., The relevance of ‘Indigenous Peoples’: A case study of the Rajbanshi community of North Bengal, in A. Mukherjee, P.K. Pal and R.K. Sen (eds.), Environment and Sustainable Development in India. New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publication Pvt. Ltd (2010)
Rahman A., Micro-credit Initiatives for Equitable and Sustainable Development: Who Pays?, World Development, 27(1), 67-82 (1999)
Mayoux L., Tackling the Down Side: Social Capital, Women's Empowerment and Micro-Finance in Cameroon, Development and Change, 32(3), 435-464 (2001)
Bera S. Programme Design and Impact Assessments: 'Success' of Microfinance in Perspective, Economic and Political Weekly, 43(32), 77 (2008) Internet Source: http://www.epw.in /special-articles /programme-design-and-impact-assessments-success-microfinance-perspective. html, retrieved on 01.04.2012
Simanowitz A. and Walter A., Reaching the Poorest while Building Financially Self-Sufficient Institutions and Showing Improvement in the Lives of the Poorest Women and their Families, in Daley-Harris, S. (ed.), Pathways Out of Poverty:innovations in microfinance for the poorest families, Connecticut, USA: Kumarian Press (2002) Internet Source: www. microcreditsummit.org /papers/ %2B5simanowitz.pdf, retrieved on 01.04.2012 (2012)
Brau J.C. and Woller G.M., Microfinance: A Comprehensive Review of the Existing Literature, Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures, 9(1), 1-26 (2004)Internet Source: http://marriottschool.byu.edu /selfreliance/workingpapers/library/997.pdf, retrieved on 01.04.2012 (2012)
World Bank, Implementing the World Bank's Gender Policies:Progress Report No 1, Washington: World Bank (1996)
White S., Bangladesh, in Riddell R.C. and Robinson M., (eds.), Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty alleviation, Oxford: ODI/Clarendon Press (1995)
Hulme D. and Montgomery R., Co-operatives, credit and the poor: private interest, public choice and collective action in Sri Lanka, Savings and Development, 18 (3), 359-382 (1994)
Everett J. and Savara M., Institutional Credit as a Strategy Toward Self-reliance for Petty Commodity Producers in India: a Critical Evaluation, in Singh, A.M., and Kelles-Viitanen, A. (eds.), Invisible Hands: Women in Home Based Production, New Delhi: Sage Publications (1987)
Kandiyoti D., Bargaining with Patriarchy, Gender and Society, 2(3), 274-290 (1988)
Mayoux L. Participatory programme learning for women's empowerment in micro-finance programmes: negotiating complexity, conflict and change, IDS Bulletin,29, 39-50 (1998)
Siemens L., Embedding Small Business and Entrepreneurship Training within the Rural Context, The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation,13 (3), 165-178 (2012)
Barma S., North Bengal and Its People, in Barma, S. (ed.), Socio-Political Movements in North Bengal: A Sub-Himalayan Tract: 1-48. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House (2007)
Sen J. and Ghosh S., Estimation of stature from foot length and foot breadth among the Rajbanshi: An indigenous population of North Bengal, Forensic Science International, 181(1-3): 55.e1-55.e6 (2008) Internet Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii /S03790 73808003563, retrieved on 01.04.2012
Sanyal C.C., The Rajbanshi of North Bengal, Kolkata: Asiatic Society (1965)
Self Help Groups, Self-Help Groups as extended arms of the Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies (PACS). Department of Cooperation, Government of West Bengal, India (2009) Internet Source: www.coopwb.org/self-help-group.php, retrieved 01.04.2012 (2012)

[ref1] Das Gupta. A., The relevance of ‘Indigenous Peoples’: A case study of the Rajbanshi community of North Bengal, in A. Mukherjee, P.K. Pal and R.K. Sen (eds.), Environment and Sustainable Development in India. New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publication Pvt. Ltd (2010)

[ref2] Rahman A., Micro-credit Initiatives for Equitable and Sustainable Development: Who Pays?, World Development, 27(1), 67-82 (1999)

[ref3] Mayoux L., Tackling the Down Side: Social Capital, Women's Empowerment and Micro-Finance in Cameroon, Development and Change, 32(3), 435-464 (2001)

[ref4] Bera S. Programme Design and Impact Assessments: 'Success' of Microfinance in Perspective, Economic and Political Weekly, 43(32), 77 (2008) Internet Source: http://www.epw.in /special-articles /programme-design-and-impact-assessments-success-microfinance-perspective. html, retrieved on 01.04.2012

[ref5] Simanowitz A. and Walter A., Reaching the Poorest while Building Financially Self-Sufficient Institutions and Showing Improvement in the Lives of the Poorest Women and their Families, in Daley-Harris, S. (ed.), Pathways Out of Poverty:innovations in microfinance for the poorest families, Connecticut, USA: Kumarian Press (2002) Internet Source: www. microcreditsummit.org /papers/ %2B5simanowitz.pdf, retrieved on 01.04.2012 (2012)

[ref6] Brau J.C. and Woller G.M., Microfinance: A Comprehensive Review of the Existing Literature, Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures, 9(1), 1-26 (2004)Internet Source: http://marriottschool.byu.edu /selfreliance/workingpapers/library/997.pdf, retrieved on 01.04.2012 (2012)

[ref7] World Bank, Implementing the World Bank's Gender Policies:Progress Report No 1, Washington: World Bank (1996)

[ref8] White S., Bangladesh, in Riddell R.C. and Robinson M., (eds.), Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty alleviation, Oxford: ODI/Clarendon Press (1995)

[ref9] Hulme D. and Montgomery R., Co-operatives, credit and the poor: private interest, public choice and collective action in Sri Lanka, Savings and Development, 18 (3), 359-382 (1994)

[ref10] Everett J. and Savara M., Institutional Credit as a Strategy Toward Self-reliance for Petty Commodity Producers in India: a Critical Evaluation, in Singh, A.M., and Kelles-Viitanen, A. (eds.), Invisible Hands: Women in Home Based Production, New Delhi: Sage Publications (1987)

[ref11] Kandiyoti D., Bargaining with Patriarchy, Gender and Society, 2(3), 274-290 (1988)

[ref12] Mayoux L. Participatory programme learning for women's empowerment in micro-finance programmes: negotiating complexity, conflict and change, IDS Bulletin,29, 39-50 (1998)

[ref13] Siemens L., Embedding Small Business and Entrepreneurship Training within the Rural Context, The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation,13 (3), 165-178 (2012)

[ref14] Barma S., North Bengal and Its People, in Barma, S. (ed.), Socio-Political Movements in North Bengal: A Sub-Himalayan Tract: 1-48. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House (2007)

[ref15] Sen J. and Ghosh S., Estimation of stature from foot length and foot breadth among the Rajbanshi: An indigenous population of North Bengal, Forensic Science International, 181(1-3): 55.e1-55.e6 (2008) Internet Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii /S03790 73808003563, retrieved on 01.04.2012

[ref16] Sanyal C.C., The Rajbanshi of North Bengal, Kolkata: Asiatic Society (1965)

[ref17] Self Help Groups, Self-Help Groups as extended arms of the Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies (PACS). Department of Cooperation, Government of West Bengal, India (2009) Internet Source: www.coopwb.org/self-help-group.php, retrieved 01.04.2012 (2012)