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Impact of water pollution on human health and environment: a review

Author Affiliations

  • 1Chemistry Department, D.S. College, Aligarh-202001, India

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 9, Issue (2), Pages 62-69, April,22 (2020)

Abstract

About 70% of the earth is covered by water but only 2.5% of it is freshwater and less than 13% is available to our increasing population. Globally groundwater is the main source of water for domestic, agricultural, industrial purposes in rural and urban areas. Due to increase in population, rapid industrialization, mismanaged agricultural practices, household sewage water, and sewage, landfills, medicines the groundwater is becoming contaminated by potentially toxic metals, pesticides, nitrate, fluoride, volatile organic compounds and pharmaceuticals by leaching process. Groundwater contamination causes a range of effects to animals and human beings. In developing countries, about 80% of diseases are waterborne diseases. Typhoid, Cholera, bacillary dysentery, hepatitis, amoebic dysentery, skin irritation, schistosomiasis, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal disorder, diarrhoea, stomatitis, tremor, hemoglobinuria, ataxia, pneumonia, depression, liver cirrhosis, hair loss, renal failure, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer, and neural disorder dental or skeletal fluorosis, methemoglobinemia, neurological disorder, cardiovascular disease, cancer, muscle paralysis, pneumonia, fetal malnutrition, leukemia, urticaria, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, hemolyticanemia, thrombocytopemia, acute interstitial nephritis, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, optic neuropathy, retinal detachment and brain abscess are some diseases caused by contaminated groundwater.

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