@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of Management of Sharp Wastes in Health Care Institutions in Yenagoa Metropolis of Bayelsa State<#LINE#>Avula@ImanumaJ,Okpanra@Stanley<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-011.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Tech., Otuogidi-Ogbia, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>19/1/2015<#LINE#>16/6/2015<#LINE#>This study assessed and compared the standard level of sharp wastes management in Health institutions in Yenagoa Metropolis of Bayelsa State. Its purpose was to assessed and compared the extent (standard) level of sharp wastes management in Government and Private Health institutions. Eighty respondents were purposively and randomly sampled and used in the study. A structured questionnaire of five sections in handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of sharp wastes management with a four point likert scale of measurement of strongly disagree i., disagree ii., agree iii. and strongly agree iv. was used to elicit information. The research question was analyzed with mean while the hypothesis was analyzed with inferential statistics of t-test of independent samples. The result showed that there was low standard level of sharp wastes management in Government Health institutions and a very low level of standard management of sharp wastes in Private Health care institutions. The result also revealed that there is no significance difference in standard level of sharp wastes management in Government and Private Health care institutions. It was then concluded that all factors responsible for the above result should be addressed to improve standard and minimize risk of spreading blood borne infections that may arise from sharp wastes injury and other hazards to the environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Federal Ministry of Environment, National Environmental Sanitation Policy and Guidelines, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, 1-133 (2005) @No $ @ @ Adepie N.A., Sridhar M.K.C., Baker J., Verma M., Faruqui N. and Wagner A., Waste Management, Processing, and Detoxication, in ecosystems and human well-being: Policy responses, 3, Oisland Press, Washinton, 313-334 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gilpin A., Dictionary of Environmental Terms. Routledge and Kogan Paul Ltd, London, 5-188 (1976) @No $ @ @ Sridhar M.K.G., Wahab W.B., Agbola S.B. and Badiane A., Healthcare Waste Management. A handbook for developing countries, Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, 1-153 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sule R.A., Urban Environmental Pollution Criticality, A synopsis, Baaj Inter. Company, Calabar/Benin, 85-121 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sridhar M.K.C. and Olajumoke B.A., Infectious potential of wastes from selected Health care facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria, Proceeding of the Third International Conference on Environment and Health, Chenai, India, Martin J. Bunch, Madha Suresh and T. Vasantha Kumaran (eds), December 15-17, 2003, Department of Geography, University of Madras and Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, 512-519 (2001) @No $ @ @ Federal Ministry of Environment., National Healthcare Waste Management guidelines, Prepared by the Healthcare Waste Technical Working group, Draft, (2007) @No $ @ @ W.H.O., Managing Medical Waste in developing Countries. World Health Organization, Geneva, (1994) @No $ @ @ Golden MI., Queensoap M., Gbarabe BG. and Alpheaus B., Assessment of Health Services Rendered in Bayelsa State, Nigerian Journal of Health and Allied Research,1(1) 38-43 (2015) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Fact sheet, 253 (2007) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Comparative Study of Physico- Chemical Characteristics of Water and soil of Treated and Untreated Waste Water<#LINE#>Priya@Goyal,Sunita@Lakhiwal,Surendra@SinghChauhan<#LINE#>5-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-077.pdf<#LINE#>  Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environment and Population Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 02004, INDIA<#LINE#>24/3/2015<#LINE#>12/8/2015<#LINE#>Safe discharge of untreated waste water and scarcity of water is still a burning problem in front of mankind. Discharge of untreated waste water, without any treatment affects the physico – chemical properties of water and soil which enters into food chain and affects agriculture products, animal and human health. This paper reveals that use of treated waste water instead of untreated waste water improves the physico – chemical properties of water i.e. pH, EC, TDS, Chloride, Hardness, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate and Sulphate changes from 8.49 to 7.20, 1.71 to 3.-82mmhos/cm, 2253 to 734 mg/l, 776.70 to 564.33 mg/l, 1100 to 330 mg/l, 0.5 to 6.9mg/l, 300 to 60mg/l, 800 to 144 mg/l, 13 to 17mg/l, 6.89 to 9.12 mg/l and 28 to 37 mg/l respectively. In soil physico – chemical properties i.e. pH, EC, Chloride, Organic Matter %, Organic Carbon %, Nitrogen %  and Phosphorus % changes from 9.4 to 7.5, 1.25 to 1.10 mmhos/cm, 16.7 to 19.3 mg/l, 0.65 to 2.55%, 0.37 to 1.47% and 0.018 to 0.022 % and 0.016 to 0.013%. Heavy metal contents i.e. Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni ,Pb and Fe in water samples change from 3.568 to 3.494 mg/l, 2.814 to 2.616 mg/l, 1.623 to 1.235 mg/l, 1.930 to 1.562 mg/l, 0.051 to 0.028 mg/l, 1.084 to 1.047 mg/l and 1.449 to 1.362 mg/l respectively. In soil samples, heavy metal contents i.e. Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb and Fe changes from 1.690 to 1.245 mg/kg, 1.100 to 1.080 mg/kg, 0.138 to 0.590 mg/kg, 0.243 to 0.144 mg/kg, 0.041 to 0.025 mg/kg, 0.311 to 0.282 mg/kg and 1.831 to 0.818 mg/kg respectively After using treated waste water physico – chemical properties of water and soil improve but there is a minor change in heavy metal content. So, treated waste water (after secondary treatment) can be used as a best source of irrigation water which fulfill the nutrient requirements of crops. But, it is advisable that we should move towards tertiary waste water treatment techniques so that we can also reduce the heavy metal content up to a greater extent, combat the problem of waste water pollution, reduce the stress on limited fresh water available today and can use waste water for various domestic purposes.  <#LINE#> @ @ Lakherwal D., Adsorption of Heavy Metals: A Review, International Journal of Environmental Research andDevelopment, 4(1) 41-48 (2014) @No $ @ @ Joseph B. and Mohan J., Mercury and its toxic effects on living organisms, International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3(6) (2013) @No $ @ @ Mishra A., Sahu NH and Lalit E., Comparative study of impact of effluent water on soil property, Indian J. Sci. Res., 4(1), 170-175 (2014) @No $ @ @ Basha A.S. and Rajaganesh K., Microbial Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Textile Industry Dyes Effluents using Isolated Bacterial Strains, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App .Sci., 3(5), 785-794 (2014) @No $ @ @ Srivastava V.C., Swamy M.M., Mall I.D, Prasad B. and Mishra I.M., Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics, Colloids and Surfaces, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 272, 89-104 (2006) @No $ @ @ Baysal A., Ozbek N. and Akman S., Determination of Trace Metals in Waste Water and Their Removal Processes, In Tech., 7(1), 145-171 (2013) @No $ @ @ FAO, The Wealth of Waste: The economics of wastewater in Agriculture, Rome, Italy, 142 (2010) @No $ @ @ Stikker A., Water today and tomorrow: Prospects for overcoming scarcity, Futures, 30(1), 43-62 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jimenez B., Irrigation in developing countries using wastewater, Int. Rev. Environ. Strat., 6(2), 229-250 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yusuff R.O. and Sonibare J.A.. Characterization of textile industries effluents in Kaduna, Nigeria and Pollution implications, Global Nest: the Int. J., 6(3), 212-221 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ali M.F. and Shakrani S.A., Soil and soil less cultivation influence of nutrients and heavy metals availability in soil and plant uptake, International Journal of Applied science and Tech., 1(5), 154–160 (2011) @No $ @ @ Abedi J.K. et al., Effect of Treated waste water on soil chemical and physical properties in an arid region, Plant Soil Environ,52(8), 335 – 344 (2006) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for examination of water and waste water, 21st Edu. (AmerIican Public Health Association, New York, USA (2005) @No $ @ @ Palmer S. and Moy G., Environmental pollution, food contamination and public health, Euro. J. Clinic. 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<#LINE#>Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Seed Mycoflora of Charoli and Almond, India<#LINE#>Poonam@Pal<#LINE#>10-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-111.pdf<#LINE#> Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, INDIA  <#LINE#>9/5/2015<#LINE#>21/6/2015<#LINE#>The present investigation deals with growth of various types of fungi on the seed of charoli and almond at different temperature and humidity levels. For such assessment seeds of charoli and almond were kept in different temperature ranging from 10 to 40C and also at different humidity level ranging from 54% to 94%. Many species of fungi were found on seed coat of charoli and almond, but among them predominant were Aspergillus and Rhizopus. <#LINE#> @ @ Shende S. and Rai M., Multiple shoot formation and plant regeneration of a commercially-useful tropical plant, Buchanania lanzan,Plant Biotechnology, 22(1),59–61 (2005) @No $ @ @ Arya A. and Monaco C., Seed borne diseases:ecofriendly management, 326 (2007) @No $ @ @ De Tempe J., The blotter methods of seed health testingproc, Int. seed test assoc., 28, 133-151 (1953) @No $ @ @ Ramesh C. and Jayagoudar S., Mycoflora of Some Spicesfrom Dharwad, India, Res. J. Agriculture and ForestrySci., 1(8), 13-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gupta P. and Rao V.M., Influence of temperature andhumidity on seed mycoflora and biodedradation ofAlbizzia lebbeck Benth, Seed during storage, Journal oftree sciences (19), 40-46 (2001) @No $ @ @ Dube H.C., An introduction to Fungi, 572 (2005) @No $ @ @ Frederick A., Wolf and Frederick T. Wolf, The Fungi,(2), 538 (1949) @No $ @ @ Gowri M.P., Haribabu K., Kishore H., Manjusha O.,Biswas S. and Murty U.S.N., Microbial transformation of(+)- heraclenin by Aspergillus niger and evaluation of itsantiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities, Curr. Sci,(100) (2011) @No $ @ @ Storage Rots of corn, report on plant disease, May 1992,http://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/series200/rpd206/index.html, (2015) @No $ @ @ United States Departments of Agriculture, AgricultureMarketing, Service, http://www.ams.usda.gov/ standards.nutpdct.htm, (2015) @No $ @ @ Christoph Scherber et. al, Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversityexperiment, International journal of plant sciences, (5),556 (2010) @No $ @ @ Moubasher A.H., Abdel-Hafez S.I.I., F. T. and HassanS.K.M., Effect of temperature and moisture content onEgyptian peanut seed-borne fungi, Mycopathologia (70),49-54 (1980) @No $ @ @ Pasanen A.L., Kalliokoski P., Pasanen P., Jantunen M.J.and Nevalainen A., Laboratory studies on therelationship between fungal growth and atmospherictemperature and humidity, Environmental international(17), 225-228 (1991) @No $ @ @ Sood M., Effect of Tempeature of Incubation on theGrowth, Sporulation and Secondary MetabolitesProduction of Aspergillus umbrosus, Journal ofPhytology, 35-37 (2011) @No $ @ @ Winston P. and Bates D., Saturated Solutions For theControl of Humidity in Biological Research, Ecology(vol-41), 232-237 (1960) @No $ @ @ www.flowersofindia.in, (2015) @No $ @ @ www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com, (2015) @No $
<#LINE#>Optimization of Physico-Chemical parameters for Biomethanation of Bagasse and Press mud Admixture<#LINE#>Ganesh@Bartakke,Hanaman@Deshmukhtrao<#LINE#>16-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-118.pdf<#LINE#> Dept of Microbiology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara- 415001, INDIA<#LINE#>12/5/2015<#LINE#>7/7/2015<#LINE#>Energy is considered as one of the important factor contributing in the economic and social development of the country. Non renewable energy sources are limited and now there is no alternative to use renewable energy sources rather than non renewable one. In the developing country like India bagasse and press mudwastes are available in plenty, these wastes can be used for generation of biogas.  As most of the wastes alone cannot be used directly for Biomethanation some combinations of waste were tested. The Biomethanation process is carried out by microorganisms and various environmental factors affect the Biomethanation process. In the present study different physicochemical parametersof Biomethanation optimized at 4 L level digesters, mainly hydraulic retention time (HRT), Organic loading rate (OLR), temperature, pH affecting Biomethanation process were studied. It was found that  hydraulic retention time of 20 days, Organic loading rate of  VS 6.1gm/day,  pH of 7, and a temperature range of 38-40C were optimum for biogas production. <#LINE#> @ @ Nyonje E.O., Njogu P and Kinyua R., Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Research and Innovation, 5, (2014) @No $ @ @ Chaiprasert  P., Biogas Production from Agricultural Wastes in Thailand, Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environment Special Issue, 63-65 (2011) @No $ @ @ Murthy Z.V.P. and Chaudhari L.B., Treatment of distillery spent wash by combined UF and RO processes, Global NEST Journal,11(2), 235-240 (2009) @No $ @ @ Karan M.A., Barve B.R. and Khan S.S. Biogas from press mudIOSR, Journal of mechanical and civil engineering, 46(2), 37-41 (2011) @No $ @ @ Meena Krishania, Virendra Kumar, Virendra Kumar Vijay and Anushree Malik, Analysis of different techniques used for improvement of biomethanation process: A review, Fuel, 106, 1–9 (2009) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh H.V., Pathade G.R., Goel P.K.,  Optimization studies on biomethanation of Ipomoea carnea mixed with some supplementary agro based industrial wastes, Indian journal of environmental sciences,13(1), 65-70 (2009) @No $ @ @ Weiland P., Biogas production: current state and perspectives, Appl Microbial Biotechnol , 85, 849–60 2010) @No $ @ @ Deublein D, Steinhauser A., Biogas from waste and renewable resources: An introduction, Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-VCH (2008) @No $ @ @ Singh H and Maheshwari RC, Indian advances in biogas technology: Review of work done under aicrp on res., Biogas, Forum, 60(I), 4–16 ( 1995) @No $ @ @ Heo NH, Park SC, Lee JS and Kang H, Solubilization of waste activated sludge by alkaline pretreatment and biochemical methane potential (bmp) tests for anaerobic co-digestion of municipal organic waste, Water Sci. Technol., 48(8), 211–9 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chae KJ, Jang A, Yim SK and Kim IS, The effects of digestion temperature and temperature shock on the biogas yields from the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure, Bioresour Technol., 99, 1–6 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Effects of an Organophosphate Pesticide, Malathion (50% E.C) on the Liver of air breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis<#LINE#>Barbhuiya@HasinaBegum,Mithra@Dey<#LINE#>21-24<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-124.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>26/5/2015<#LINE#>30/6/2015<#LINE#>In the present study histological alterations in the liver of Heteropneustes fossilis was studied after exposure to malathion. Fishes were exposed to 1.07ppm (1/10th of 96h LC50) concentration of malathion. The experiment was maintained for 21 days. Light microscopic study of liver of the treated fishes showed haemorrhage, formation of vacuoles and appearance of macrophages. Degeneration of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue invaded with some inflammatory cellswere also observed in malathion treated liver of Heteropneustes fossilis.<#LINE#> @ @ Halappa R and David M, Behavioural responses of the freshwater fish, Cyprinuscarpio (Linnaeus) following sublethal exposure to chloropyrifos, Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., , 233-238 (2009) @No $ @ @ Annon, EPA bans most DDT uses, readies lead action, Environ Sci Technol., , 675 (1972) @No $ @ @ Bantu N. and Vakita V.R., Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch), Adv. in Zool and Botany, 1(4)78-82 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jayantha R.K., Histopathology as a diagnostic tool in evaluating of toxicity, Environmental Toxicology, Selected Lectures and Methods, S.V. University, Tirupati, India (1984) @No $ @ @ Wester P.W. and Canton J.H., The usefulness of histopathology in aquatic toxicity studies, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 100, 115-117 (1991) @No $ @ @ Thophon S., Kruatrachue M., Upatham E.S., Pokethiriyook P., Sahaphong S. and Jaritkhuan S., Histopathological alterations of white seabass, Lates calcarifer, in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure, Environ. Pollut., 121, 307-320 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hinton D.E., Baumann P.C., Gardner G.R., Hawkins W.E., Hendricks J.D., Hoque R.A., M.J.A. Mirja, M.M. and Miah M.S., Toxicity of diazinon and sumithion to Puntius gonionotus, Bangladesh J. Tran. Dev., 6(1), 19-26 (1993) @No $ @ @ Teh S.J., Adams S.M. and Hinton D.E., Histopathological biomarkers in feral freshwater fish populations exposed to different types of contaminant stress, Aquatic Toxicol., 37, 51-70 (1997) @No $ @ @ Gernhofer M., Pawet M., Schramm M., Muller E. and Triebskorn R., Ultrastructural biomarkers as tools to characterize the health status of fish in contaminated streams, J. Aquat. Ecosyst. Stress and Recovery, , 241-260 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hinton D.E. and Lauren D.J., Liver structural alterations accompanying chronic toxicity in fishes: potentioal biomarkers of exposure. In: McCarthy, J.F. and Shugart L.R. (Eds.), Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination, Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers, 51-65 (1993) @No $ @ @ Camargo M.M. and Martinez C.B., Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream,  Neotro. Ichthyol., , 327-336 (2007) @No $ @ @ Singh S. and Shrivastava N., Histopathological changes in the liver of the fish Nandus nandus exposed to endosulfan and carbaryl, J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 8(2), 139-144 (1998) @No $ @ @ Reddy S.J., Cadmium effect on histobiomarkers and melanomacrophage centers in liver and kidney of Cyprinus carpio, World J. of Fish and Marine Sci., 4 (2), 179-184 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haloi K., Kalita M., Nath R. and Borkotoki A., A study on histopathological impact of endosulfan on liver of Channa punctatus Bloch, Int. J. of Res. in Zool.,4(2), 19-23 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ganesan N., Kantha Deivi Arunachalam G.N. and Ganapthy S., Histopathological effects of sub lethal exposure to 1, 2-dichlorobenzene on gills and liver of Catla catla (hamilton),Int. J. of Rec Scient. Res., 4(9), 1444-1448 (2013) @No $ @ @ Devi Y. and Mishra A., Histopathological alterations in gill and liver anatomy of fresh water, air breathing fish Channa punctatus after pesticide Hilban® (chlorpyrifos) treatment, Adv. Biores.,4(2), 57-62 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ba Omar T.A., Al-Kharusi I. and Victor R., Effects of pesticide temephos on the liver of Aphanius dispar (Ruppell 1828) @No $ @ @ (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae): A microscopic study, J. for Sci., 18, 11-18 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hadi A.A. and Alwan S.F., Histopathological changes in gills, liver and kidney of fresh water fish, Tilapia zillii, exposed to aluminum, Int. J. of Pharm. and Life Sci., 3(11), 2071-2081 (2012) @No $ @ @ Velisek J., Svobodova Z. and Piackova V., Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological  parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss VETMED, 54(3), 131-137 (2009) @No $ @ @ Doaa M.M. and Hanan H.A.E., Histological changes in selected organs of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to doses of lead acetate, J. Life Sci. Biomed., 3(3), 256-263 (2013) @No $ @ @ Agius C. and Roberts R.J., Melano-macrophage centers and their role in fish pathology, J. Fish. Dis., 26(9), 499-509 (2003) @No $ @ @ Passantino L., Cianciotta A., Jirillo F., Carassi M., Jirillo E. and Passantino G.F., Lymphoreticular system in fish: erythrocyte-mediated immunomodulation of macrophages contributes to the formation of melanomacrophage centers. Immunopharm. Immunotoxicol., 27, 147-61 (2005) @No $ @ @ Muthukumaravel K., Rajaraman P., Nathiya N., Govindarajan M. and Raveendran S., Studies on the histopathology of selected organs of freshwater fish Labeo rohita exposed to pesticides monocrotophos, Int. J. of Recent Scientific Res.4 (11), 1728-1735 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ahmad B., Qureshi T.A., Manohar S., Kaur P. and Khaliq R.,Effect of cadmium chloride on the histoarchitecture of liver and kidney of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus, Int. J. of Env. Sc., 2(2), 531-536 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kadry S.M., Marzouk M.S., Amer A.M, Hanna M.I, Azmy A.H. and Hamed H.S., Vitamin E as antioxidant in female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to chronic toxicity of atrazine, Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. And Fish, 16(2), 83-98 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Assessment of Physico-chemical Parameters of River Yamuna at Agra Region of Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Chadetrik@Rout,Lavaniya@Arun,Prakash@DivakarRavi<#LINE#>25-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-125.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, INDIA Regional Office and Laboratory, Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Agra, INDIA<#LINE#>25/5/2015<#LINE#>30/6/2015<#LINE#>To mankind rivers have been considered sacred from ancient times. At religious centers the water quality restoration of any river, especially of the Yamuna at Agra region, is a very complex and difficult task. In the present study water quality was assessed along the four different sampling locations of the river Yamuna for a period of six months (May 2014 to October 2014). Specific water quality parameters like EC, TDS, turbidity, chloride, and chemical oxygen demand in river Yamuna were analyzed. Correlation matrix analysis shows strong relationship between all the analysed water quality parameters. Higher values of physico-chemical parameters indicate that river water is not safe for drinking and domestic uses as prescribed by BIS. <#LINE#> @ @ Agrahari M., Veena B. and Kushwaha V.B., Effect of Domestic Sewage on the Physico-Chemical Quality of River Rapti at Gorakhpur, The Bioscan., 7(1), 135-138 (2012) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.C., Water quality of Ganga River- An overview, Aqua. Ecos. Hlth. Mangt.,13(4), 347-351 (2010) @No $ @ @ Joshi B.D., Deepali and Gangwar K.K., A Comparative study of Physico-chemical Parameters of the Major and Minor Canals of the River Ganga within Haridwar City, J. Env. Bio-Sci., 25(2), 285-289 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sahoo N.K., Rout C., Khuman Y.S.C. and Prasad J., Sustainability Links of River Linking, Proceedings National Speciality Conference on River Hydraulics, 145154, 29-30 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mitra A.K., Chemical Characteristics of Surface Water at Selected Gauging Stations in the River Godavari, Krishna and Tungabhadra, Ind. J. Environ. Hlth., 24(2), 165-179 (1982) @No $ @ @ Jindal R. and Sharma C., Studies on Water Quality of Sutlej River around Ludhiana with Reference to Physicochemical Parameters, Environ. Monit. Assess., 174(1-4), 417-425 (2011) @No $ @ @ Banerjee S.P., Chavan R.P. and  Lokhande R.S., Quality Assessment of River Water with Special Reference to Pearson Correlation Study, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(12), 39-43 (2014) @No $ @ @ Venkatesharaju K., Ravikumar P., Somashekar R.K. and Prakash K.L., Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Investigation on the River Cauvery of Kollegal Stretch in Karnataka, Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci. Engg. And Technol., 6(1), 50-59 (2010) @No $ @ @ Raina V., Shah A.R. and Ahmed S.R., Pollution Studies on River Jhelum I, An Assessment of Water Quality, Ind. J. Environ. Hlth., 26(3), 187-201 (1984) @No $ @ @ Bhatt S.D. and Negi U., Hydrology and Phytoplankton Population in River Kosiof Western Himalaya (U.P.),Ind. J. Ecol., 122(1), 141-146 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Vishwakarma R., Dixit S. and Jain P., Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River with Reference to Physco-chemical Parameters at Hoshangabad City, MP, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 40-48 (2011) @No $ @ @ Barde V.S., Piplode S., Thakur V. and Agrawal R., Physico-chemical Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River at Barwani and Khalghat, MP, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(3), 12-16 (2015) @No $ @ @ Patra H.S., Rout C., Bhatia U.K. and Garg M.P., Impact of Mining and Industrial Activities on Brahmani River in Angul-Talcher Region of Orissa, India, Proceedings National Speciality Conference on River Hydraulics, 97-205, 29-30 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Abundance of Aquatic Entomofauna in Glacial Fed Mountainous Goriganga River of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand, India, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 3(4), 51-63 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Studies on Assessment of Water Quality and Hydrological Behaviour using Physico-chemical Parameters of Surface Water of Glacial Fed Mountainous Goriganga River in Kumaun Himalaya-I, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(3), 55-76 (2015) @No $ @ @ Sahu B.K., Rao R.J., Behara S.K. and Pandit R.K., Effect of Pollutants on the Dissolved Oxygen Concentration of the River Ganga at Kanpur. In: Pollution and biomonitoring of Indian rivers (Ed. R.K. Trivedy). ABD Publication, Jaipur, India, 168-170 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rao R.J., Sahu B.K., Behra S.K. and Pandit R.K., Biomonitoring of Pollution in the Ganga River Uttar Pradesh, In: Pollution and biomonitoring of Indian rivers (Ed. R.K. Trivedy), ABD Publication, Jaipur, India,  187-193 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tare V., Yadav A.V.S. and Bose P., Analysis of Photosynthetic Activity in the most Polluted Stretch of River Ganga, Wat. Res., 37(1), 67-77 (2003) @No $ @ @ Joshi D.M., Kumar A. and Agarwal N., Studies on Physicochemical Parameters to Assess the Water Quality of River Ganga for Drinking Purpose in HaridwarDistrict, Ras. J. Chem., 2(1), 195-203 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishra A., Mukherjee A. and Tripathi B.D., Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of River Ganga in Varanasi, Int. J. Environ. Res., 3(3), 395-402 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rafeeq M.A. and Khan A.M., Impact of Sugar Mill Effluents on the Water Quality of the River Godavari Near Kandakurthi Village, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh, J. Aqua. Biol.,17(2), 33-35 (2002) @No $ @ @ Anand Chetna, Akolkar P. and Chakrabarti R., Bacteriological Water Quality Status of River Yamuna in Delhi, J. Environ. Biol., 27(1), 97-101 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rani M., Rout C., Garg V. and Goel G., Evaluation of Water Quality of Yamuna River with Reference to Physico-Chemical Parameters at Yamuna Nagar City, Haryana, India, Proceedings AICTE Sponsored National Conference on River Hydraulics, 67-76, March 22-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh X., Ranteke P.W., Mishra S. and Shukla, Physico-chemical Analysis of Yamuna River, Int. J. Res. Environ. Sci. and Technol., 3(2), 58-60 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma S.K. and Sharma C.M., Understanding the Chemical Metamorphosis of Yamuna River due to Pollution Load and Human Use, Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4(2), 58-63 (2015) @No $ @ @ APHA, American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for Estimation of Water and Wastewater, AWWA,  Water Pollution Control Federation, New York, 19(1995) @No $ @ @ Rout C. and Sharma A., Assessment of Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study of Ambala Cantonment Area, Haryana, India, Int. J. Env. Sci., 2(2), 933-945 (2011) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water and its Suitable Removal Technology<#LINE#>Sunita@Kumari<#LINE#>33-38<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-127.pdf<#LINE#> K.M.P.M Vocational College, Jamshedpur Jharkhand 831005, INDIA<#LINE#>28/5/2015<#LINE#>6/7/2015<#LINE#>Assessment of Arsenic contamination in ground water, soil and its suitable removal technology. Simulated experimental studies were carried out to understand the process and factors that efficiency of arsenic removal from groundwater .The main objective was to observed the kinetics of removal of arsenic from synthetic arsenic solutions by in-situ treatment under quiescent conditions and to investigate the effect of additives such as clay, iron oxides and their derivatives on the removal efficiency <#LINE#> @ @ Majumder R.K., Faisal B.M.R., Zaman M.N., Uddin M.J. and Sultana N Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Bottom Sediment of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, Bangladesh by Multivariate Statistical Analysis., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,4(5), 80-84 (2015) @No $ @ @ Carbonell Barrachina A.A., Jugsujinda A., Burlo F., Delaune R.D., Arsenic chemistry in municipal sewage sludge as affected by redox potential and pH, Water Resource, 34, 216–224, (2007) @No $ @ @ Sushant K. Singh, Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in the Middle-Gangetic Plain, nmBihar (India): The Danger Arrived Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,4(2), 70-76 (2015) @No $ @ @ Saheb S.U., Seshaiah S. and Viswanath B., Environment and Their Legal Issues in India, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences., 1(3), 44-51 (2012) @No $ @ @ Saha D., Sahu S. and Chandra P., Arsenic-Safe Alternate Aquifers and their Hydraulic Characteristics in Contaminated Areas of Middle Ganga Plain, Eastern India, Environmental monitoring and assessment., 175(1-4), 331-348 (2011) @No $ @ @ Eid I. Brima and Parvez I. Haris, Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water using Different Biomaterials and Evaluation of a Phytotechnology Based Filter, Res. J. chem. sci.,3(7), 39-44 (2014) @No $ @ @ Jain C.K. and Ali I., Arsenic: occurrence, toxicity and speciation techniques, Water Res., 34(17), 4304-4312 (2000) @No $ @ @ Anamika S. and Gopal P., Efficiency of DHR as a Biosorption of Arsenic, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(10), 71-76 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sneha Navin, Amar Jyoti Das, Chhaya Verma, Manoj Kumar and Rajesh Kumar, Arsenic in the Environment effectuates Human Health: An Imperative Need to Focus, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(11), 101-105 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mandal B.K. and Suzuki K.T., Arsenic round the world: a review, Talanta,58, 201–235 (2002) @No $ @ @ Caussy D. and Priest N.D., Introduction to arsenic contamination and health risk assessment with special reference to Bangladesh, Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 197, 1–15 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Hydrological Interaction between Surface Water and Ground Water in Vavuniya District of Sri Lanka<#LINE#>G@Tharani,A.@Nanthakumaran,T.@Karunainathan<#LINE#>39-44<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-131.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Vavuniya Campus, SRI LANKA@Agriculture Research Station, Dept. of Agriculture, Thirunelvely, Jaffna, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>6/6/2015<#LINE#>9/7/2015<#LINE#>Irrigation tanks are the only surface water resource in Vavuniya district. Households in this district are dependent on ground water sources to satisfy their domestic water needs. It has been experienced and reported by the households that the wells during the dry season especially during the months of June, July, and August became dry without water while there was little water in the irrigation tanks in this district. Hence, this study was carried out to understand the hydrological relationship between surface water and ground water. Three tanks namely Vavuniya tank, Pandarikulam tank and Paddanichchepuliyankulam tank were purposively selected as surface water source. 21 wells were selected from each Vavuniya tank and Padanichchepuliyankulam tank command area and 23 wells were selected from Pandarikulam tank command area as ground water source. The measurements of water level of tanks and wells were taken once in two weeks for six months from August 2013 to January 2014. The correlation coefficients of respective tank water levels Vs well water levels were estimated using Minitab 16 and found that the average correlation coefficient of the same of Vavuniya tank, Pandarikulam tank and Paddanichchepuliyankulam tanks were 0.88, 0.72 and 0.69 respectively. The strong positive correlation between the tank water level and well water level in the selected tanks confirmed that the increased tank water level would ensure the well water level. Any action taken towards tank maintenance and rehabilitation would ensure the sustainable water availability in the wells. Therefore maintaining sufficient water level in the tank would help to minimize water scarcity issues in Vavuniya.  <#LINE#> @ @ Panabokke C.R. and Perera A.P.G.R.L., Groundwater Resources of Sri Lanka: Water resource board, 3-13,(2005) @ @  @No $ Anbumozhi V., Matsumotor K. and Yamaji E.,Sustaining agriculture through modernization of irrigation tanks:anopportunity and challenge for TamilNadu, India, Agricultural Engineering International:CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development,3, (2001) @ @  @No $ Anon, District statistical hand book,Vavuniya, (2013) @ @  @No $ Sakthivadivel R., Fernando R.N. and Brewer J.D.,Rehabilitation planning for small tanks in cascades: Amethodology based on rapid assessment, ResearchReport 13, Colombo, Sri Lanka: International IrrigationManagement Institute, (1997) @ @  @No $ @No $
<#LINE#>Seasonal Zonation pattern of Meiobenthic Fauna of an Intertidal belt in the coastal area of Midnapore(East), West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Tridip@KumarDatta,Susanta@KumarChakraborty<#LINE#>45-52<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-140.pdf<#LINE#>2 Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Digha-721428, West Bengal, INDIA Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore (West)-721102, INDIA<#LINE#>16/6/2015<#LINE#>23/7/2015<#LINE#>Meiobenthos represnts one of the important coastal faunal biodiversity components by virtue of their abundance and unique distributional patterns. They play vital role in the complex food web dynamics of any marine-estuarine-coastal environment and thereby become an important subject in marine ecology research. Present study was initiated at one intertidal belt alongside the coast of Midnapore( East) district, West Bengal, India in order to record the seasonal dynamics of meiobenthic fauna along with cross-shore and depth gradients. The study has revealed that nematodes shared major proportion of meiobenthic faunal components followed by protozoan ciliophora. Temperature, salinity and the texture of the soil have been found to play a key role in determining both horizontal and vertical distribution of meiobenthic fauna. High tide level zone tended to harbour maximum number of meiobenthic fauna than the low tide level. Highest density and diversity of meiobenthic assemblages as documented in the surface layer was supposed to be due to the exposure of different nutritional sources and other physical factors especially tidal exposure and innundation which are required for the growth and survival of the biotic components. The upper part of the intertidal zone has appeared to be the most effective zone to study the community interactions among meiofauna. <#LINE#> @ @ UNCED. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Agenda 21, Chapter 17: Protection of the Oceans, All Kinds of Seas, Including Enclosed and Semi-Enclosed Seas, and Coastal Areas and the Protection, Rational Use and Development of Their Living Resources. United Nations Divison for Sustainable Development, New York, 42 pp. (1992) @No $ @ @ Schlacher T.A., Schoeman D.S., Dugan J., Lastra M., Jones A., Scapini F. and McLachlan A., Sandy beach ecosystems: key features, sampling issues, management challenges and climate change impacts, Marine Ecology, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 29 (Suppl. 1), 70–90 (2008) @No $ @ @ Annandale N., The fauna of the Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, 1. Introduction and Preliminary account of the fauna, Record of IndianMuseum., 1 (1907) @No $ @ @ Rao G.C. and Misra A., Studies on the meiofauna of Sagar Island, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences., 92, 73-85 (1983) @No $ @ @ Rao G.C. and Misra A., The meiofauna and macrofauna of digha beach, West Bengal, India, Records of the  Zoological  Survey of  India, Occasional Paper No., 83(3 and 4), 31-49 (1986) @No $ @ @ Giere O., Meiobenthology: the microscopic fauna of aquatic sediment, 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer Verlag, (2009) @No $ @ @ Semprucci F., Colantoni P., Sbrocca C., Baldelli G. and Balsamo M., Spatial patterns of distribution of meiofaunal and nematode assemblages in the Huvadhoo lagoon (Maldives, Indian Ocean), Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94(7),1377–1385 (2014) @No $ @ @ Umitsu M., Late Quaternary sedimentary environment and landform evolution in the Bengal lowland, Geographical Review of  Japan, 60, 164-178 (1987) @No $ @ @ Umitsu M., Late Quaternary sedimentary environment and landform in the Ganges, Delta, Sedimentary Geology, 83, 177-186 (1993) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya A.K., Sarkar S.K. and Bhattacharya A., An assessment of coastal modificaion in the low: lying tropical coast of northeast India and role of natural and artificial forcings, international conference on estuaries and coasts, november 9-11, 2003, Hangzhou, China, 158-165 (2003) @No $ @ @ Samanta S. and Paul S.K., Effects of coastal processes on shoreline changes along Digha-Shankarpur coastal tract using Remote Sensing and GIS, Proceedings of 29thAsian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS, 2008) @No $ @ @  10 -14th Nov. 2008, Colombo, Sri Lanka (CD-ROM), 11 (2008) @No $ @ @ Annon, Studies on bio-resource assessment and management of degraded mangrove ecosystem of Midnapore Coast, West Bengal, Research project report, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India. [Sanction No. 3/6/2001 – CSC (M) Dated, 5th Nov. 2001] 1-99, (2005) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty S.K., Coastal Environment of Midnapore, West Bengal: Potential Threats and Management,  Journal of Coastal Environment, 1(1), 1-14 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty S.K. and Choudhury A., Ecological studies on the zonation of brachyuran crabs in a virgin mangrove island of Sundarbans, India, Journal of the Marine Biological Association, India, 34(1 and 2), 189-194 (1989) @No $ @ @ Coull B.C., Estuarine meiofauna: A review, trophic relationships and microbial interactions, 499-511 (1973) @No $ @ @ Xu R.A. and Barker M.F., Photoperiodic regulation of oogenesis in the starfish Sclerasterias mollis (Hutton 1872) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 141(2-3),159–168 (1990) @No $ @ @ Fong P.P., The effects of salinity, temperature, and photoperiod on epitokal metamorphosis in Neanthes succinea (Frey et Leuckart) from San Francisco Bay, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology., 149(2), 177–190 (1991) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Land Use / Land Cover Mapping using Remote Sensing Data in Pravara River Basin, Akole, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>eSurindarG.@Wawal,B.@AherAankush<#LINE#>53-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-142.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate Research Centre in Geography, Agasti Arts, Commerce and Dadasaheb Rupwate Science College, Akole, Ahmednagar, MS, INDIA@University of Pune, Principal, Savitribai college of Arts, Pimpalgaon Pisa, Tal: Srigonda, Ahemadnagar, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>20/6/2015<#LINE#>23/7/2015<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @ Bhagawat R., Application of Remote Sensing and GIS: Land Use/Land Cover Change In Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 72-80, (2011) @No $ @ @ Gajbhiye S. and Sharma S.K., Land Use and Land Cover change detection of Indra river watershed through Remote Sensing using Multi-Temporal satellite data, International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 3(1), 89-90, (2012) @No $ @ @ Stamp L.D., Applied Geography, Penguin Books, Suffolk, 105-107 (1930) @No $ @ @ Nanavati M.B. and Anjaria J. J., The Indian Rural Problem, Vora and Co. Bombay, (1951) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh K.K. and Aher S.P., Particle size analysis of soils and its interpolation using GIS technique from Sangamner area, Maharashtra, India, Int. J. of Env. Sci., 3(10), 32-37 (2014) @No $ @ @ Freeman T.W., Geography and Planning, Hutchinson, University Library, London (1968) @No $ @ @ Aher S., Parande A. and Deshmukh P., A Geomatics of the Image Processing: Image Georeferancing, Proceedings published by Int. J. of Computer Applications, 20-23 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mohammad N., Investigating Land Use and Land Cover Change in Bahrain: 1987-2013, Geospatial Technologies project,(1980) @No $ @ @ Aher S.P. and Dalvi S.N., Remote Sensing Technique for Monitoring the Glacier Retreating Process and Climatic Changes Study, Indian Streams Research J., 2(8), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vink A.P.A., Land Use in Advancing Agriculture, Springer Velag., 3, 3-17 (1975) @No $ @ @ Pralhad Y.V. and Deore R.S., Population Growth and Changing Land use Profile in Girna River Basin in Nashik District (MS), Shodh, Samiksha Aur Mulyankan, 2, 11-12, (2010) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh P., Wawale S., Aher S. and Thorat S., Demarcation of Drainage Network for Watershed Management of Sangamner Tahsil using Topographical and Remote Sensing Database, Indian Stream Research Journal, 2(1), 1-4 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aher S.P., Shinde S.D., Jarag A.P. and Gawali P.B.,  Identification of Lineaments in the Pravara Basin from ASTER-DEM Data and Satellite Images for their Geotectonic Implication, International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2(7), 1-5 (2014) @No $ @ @ Thorat S., Deshmukh P., Wavale S. and Aher S., Scope and Opportunities of Agro-Tourism in Akole Tehsil of Ahmednagar District, Golden Res. Thoughts,1(12), 1-4 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aher S.P., Bairagi S.I., Deshmukh P.P. and Gaikwad R.D., River change detection and bank erosion identification using topographical and remote sensing data, Int. J. of Appl. Information Sys.,2, 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gatade D.G. and Pol N.S., Changes in general land use pattern in Sangli district: A geographical analysis, Golden Research Thoughts, 2, 1-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Wawale S.G., Geomorphologic analysis of Pravara River using Topographical and Remote Sensing database: a case study of Pravara River in Ahemadnagar district of Maharashtra, Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2(4), 55-63 (2012) @No $ @ @  @No $
<#LINE#>Technical feasibility and the Performance of Sprinkler Irrigation system in Mannar, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>K.P.A.M.K.@Luxmini,A.@Nanthakumaran,T.@Karunainathan<#LINE#>59-62<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-147.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Bio Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Vavuniya Campus@SRI LANKA Agriculture Research Station, Department of Agriculture, Thirunelvely, Jaffna, SRI LANKA<#LINE#>20/6/2015<#LINE#>30/7/2015<#LINE#>The study was undertaken to evaluate the efficient use of sprinkler irrigation system by farmers. Fifty farmers were randomly selected among the farmers who were given sprinkler irrigation system on subsidy basis and collected the data using structured questionnaire in Mannar district from August 2013 to January 2014. Data were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Minitab 15 software. Results revealed that nearly 73% of the farmers were using the system effectively while the rest 27% did not use at all. Net income from cultivated crops such as groundnut, onion, greengram, greenchilli and cabbage using sprinkler irrigation system were higher than that of  the conventional method by 59%, 45%, 47%, 32% and18% respectively. Yield of these crops cultivated under sprinkler irrigation system was significantly different (p0.05) from the yield of those respective crops cultivated with conventional method of irrigation. Uniformity coefficients such as percentage for Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity coefficient for sprinkler irrigation systems in the study area were estimated as 94% and 93% respectively. Over all uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system was in the recommended level. Hence there is potential for the adoption of sprinkler irrigation technology which could increase the yield and the farmer’s income by increasing the extent of cultivation with the available water resource.   <#LINE#> @ @ Dhawan B.D., Role of Irrigation in Raising Intensity of Cropping,  Journal of Indian School of Political Economy, 4(3),  632-671 (1988) @No $ @ @ Christy Nilani L., Thushyanthi M. and Sivakumar S., Micro irrigation technogy, A remedy forgroundwater management in Jaffna peninsula. International Conference on Sustainable Built Environments (ICSBE), Kandy, 13-14 December 2010, 84-89 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rosegrant M.W., Cai X. and Cline S.A., World water and food to 2025: Dealing with scarcity, International Food Policy Research Institute., Washington, USA, 1-11 (2002) @No $ @ @ Narayanamoorthy A., Water saving technologies. Potential for drip and sprinkler irrigation in india, 2-3 (2014) @No $ @ @ Kay M., Sprinkler Irrigation: Equipment and Practice. BT Bats ford Limited, London (1988) @No $ @ @ Latif M., Sprinkler Irrigation to Harness Potential Benefits of Water Scarcity Areas in Pakistan. National Seminar on Water Resources Development and Management in Arid Areas organised by PCRWAR at Quetta (1990) @No $ @ @ INCID, Sprinkler Irrigation in India. Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India, New Delhi (1998) @No $ @ @ Suceendra T. and Nanthakumaran A., Economic Viability of Sprinkler Irrigation System on Onion (Allium cepa) in Vavuniya (A Case Study in Nedunkerny). In Proceedings of the internatonal symposium on agriculture and environment.,  Faculty of Agriculture , University of Ruhuna (2013) @No $ @ @ District statistical hand book, Mannar, Sri Lanka (2011) @No $ @ @ Christiansen J.E., Irrigation by Sprinkling. California Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, B670, 94-95 (1942) @No $ @ @ ASABE Standards,  Field evaluation of micro irrigation systems.46th ed. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE, 458 (1999) @No $ @ @ Wilson T.P. and Zoldoske D.F., Evaluating Sprinkler irrigation Uniformity. California State University, Fresno. Available at: http://cwi.csufresno.edu/ wateright/ evalsprink.asp (1997) @No $ @ @ Sne M., Micro irrigation technology and application, 2, 4. :Available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/ 20157961/ Micro-Irrigation- Technology-and-Applications (2009) @No $ @ @ Gogic P., Effect of livestock production on the economic efficiency of irrigation system. Journal of agricultural sciences, 51(2),177-87 (2006) @No $ @ @  @No $ 
<#LINE#> A review of some Specific Air Pollutants and its exposure related to Human Health<#LINE#>Balwant@Kumar,Umeshkumar@Singh,Sukanta@Nayek<#LINE#>63-68<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-132.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Integrated Science Education and Research (DISER) Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, INDIA Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>6/6/2015<#LINE#>12/7/2015<#LINE#>Air pollution is one of the extremely serious problem now a day, primarily due to development of many metropolitan cities. A large number of urban areas and growing industries resulted air pollution threats ranging from local to global. Recent year have seen an increasing number of air pollution exposure studies by different researcher. In this article, air pollutant and its health impact studies carried out in many countries are reviewed extensively. These pollutant sources includes power plants, industrial units, vehicular traffic, biomass burning, which generate particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH), ozone (O), Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) etc. The present review deals with the major air pollutants and their impacts on human health. This paper provides easily understandable and useable information to the general people especially to the people affected by the air pollutants in particular. <#LINE#> @ @ Rai R., Rajput M., Agrawal M. and Agrawal S.B., Gaseous air pollutants: a review on current and future trends of emissions and impact on agriculture, J. Sci. Res. B.H.U., 77 (102) 477-483 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kampa M. and Castanas E., Human health effects of air pollution, J. Env. Pollut.,(151) 362-367 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hogg J.C., Chu F., Utokaparch S., Woods R., Elliott W.M., Buzatu L., Cherniack R.M., Rogers R.M., Frank C. Sciurba., Coxson H.O. and Pare P.D., The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N. Engl. J. Med.,(350) 2645-2653 (2004) @No $ @ @ Folinsbee J.L., Human health effects of air pollution, J. env. Hea. Presp., (100) 45-56 (1992) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, World Health Report, Reducing Risk, Promoting Healthy Life, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Available from www.who.int/whr/2002/en/, (2002) @No $ @ @ Yongjie Y., Yuesi W., Weiwe H., Bo H., Tianxue W. and Yanan Z., Size Distributions and Elemental Compositions of Particulate Matter on Clear, Hazy and Foggy days in Beijing, China, J. Adv. Atmos. Sci.,27(3)663–675 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kenney P.L., Gichuru M.G., Volavka-Close N., Ngo N., Ndiba P.K., Law A., Gachanja A., Gaita S.M., Chillrud S.N. and Sclar E., Traffic impacts on PM2.5 air quality in Nairobi, Kenya, J. env. sci.,(14),  369–378 (2011) @No $ @ @ Xie P., Liu X., Liu Z., Li T., Zhon L. and Xiang Y., Human Health Impact of Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter in Pearl River Delta, China, J. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut.,(215) 349–363 (2011) @No $ @ @ IPCC, Climate Change, The Scientific Basis. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, USA, 881 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jun T., Tiantao C., Renjian Z., Junji C., Lihua Z., Qiyuan W., Lei L. and Leiming Z., Chemical Composition of PM2.5 at an Urban Site of Chengdu in Southwestern China, J. Adv. Atmos. Sci.,30(4), 1070–1084 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mouli P.C., Mohan S.V. and Reddy S.J., Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol (Pm10) at a Semi-Arid Urban Site: Influence of Terrestrial Sources, J. Env.  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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Exploring Indicators for the Assessment of Urban Water<#LINE#>Aradhana@Hans,Alka@Bharat<#LINE#>69-74<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2015-136.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Architecture and Interior Design, Govt. Women’s Polytechnic College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA Department of Architecture and Planning, M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA<#LINE#>9/6/2015<#LINE#>15/7/2015<#LINE#>The increasing scarcity of fresh and clean water is one of the central issues of the century in context of growing population and urbanization. Imbalances between water availability and growing demand are a rising concern but our ability to accurately assess availability as well as demand put on this precious resource is quite limited. Issues related to water as resource, its accessibility, management, demand, consumption, wastage have been discussed in different literature. 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