International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Geophysical Delineation of Subsurface Fracture Associated with Okposi-Uburu Salt Lake Southeastern, Nigeria

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, NIGERIA
  • 2Physics Department University of Calabar, NIGERIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 4, Issue (2), Pages 1-6, February,22 (2015)

Abstract

10 vertical electrical sounding (VES) and 2 electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were conducted around the vicinity of Okposi and Uburu salt lakes to delineate the depth of salty groundwater and the fracture zone that serve as conduit through which the salt lakes are recharged. 4 to 5 geoelectric layers were delineated from the computer interpreted VES data. The resistivity of the first to the fifth layer range from 82.3 to 397.3 m, 1.7 to 97.9 m, 17.3 to 244.1 m, 5.9 to 71.9 m, 42.7 to 95.8 m and were interpreted as shalely sand, fractured shale, shalestone, fracture shale, shalestone respectively. The thickness of the first layer is approximately 3m while the second layer ranges from 5 m to 25 m. An anomalous low resistivity region was observed from the ERT image at a depth of 5 m confirming the VES results. The low resistivity unit interpreted as fractured shale is an indication of salt water reservoir. The fractured shale also forms significant conduits at the base of the lakes for recharge.

References

  1. Okoyeh E.I. and Egboka B.C.E., Evaluation of Hydrochemical Parameters of Okposi and Uburu Salt Lakes, Nigeria, IJSER, 4(6), 2882-2889 (2013http://www.ijser.org, (2013)
  2. Tijani M.N. and Uma K.O., Geological, Geophysical and Hydrochemical studies of the Okpoma Brine field, Lower Benue Trough, South-eastern Nigeria, Jour of Min and Geol., 34(1), 55- 68 (1998)
  3. Majumdar R.K. and Das D., Geoelectric and Geochemical studies for hydrological Characterization of Sagar Island regoin, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, IAHS-AISH Publ.,(312), 50-59 (2007)
  4. Stewart M., Layton M and Lizanec T., Application of resistivity surveys to regional hydrologic reconnaissance, Ground Water,21, 42-48 (1983)
  5. Niwas S. and Singhal D.C., Estimation of aquifer transmissivity from Dar-Zarrouk parameters in porous media, J. Hydrol.,50, 393-399 (1981)
  6. Int. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 66.Ekwe A.C., Onu N.N and Onuoha K.M., Estimation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics from electrical sounding data : The case of middle imo river basin aquifers, south-eastern Nigeria, J. Spatial Hydrol., 6, 121-131 (2006)
  7. Kneisel C., Assessment of subsurface lithology in mountain environments using 2D resistivity imaging,Geomorphology,80(1-2), 32-44 (2006)
  8. Casas A., Himi M., Diaz Y., Pinto V., Font X. and Tapias J.C., Assessing aquifer vulnerability to pollutants by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) at a nitrate vulnerable zone in NE Spain, Enviro. Geo.,54, 515–520 (2008)
  9. Sudha K., Israil M., Mittal S. and Rai J., Soil characterization using electrical resistivity tomography and geotechnical investigations, Applied Geophy,67, 74-79 (2009)
  10. Giocoli A., Quadrio B., Bellanova J., Lapenna V. and Piscitelli S., Electrical resistivity tomography for studying liquefaction induced by the May 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake (Mw = 6.1, North Italy), Nat. Haz. and Earth Sys. Sci. Discussions, 1, 5545–5560 (2013)
  11. Wallin E.L., Johnson T.C., Greenwood W.J. and Zachara J.M., Imaging high stage river-water intrusion into a contaminated aquifer along a major river corridor using 2-D time-lapse surface electrical resistivity tomography, Water Res. Res., 49(3), 1693-1708 (2013)
  12. Ingham M., High resolution electrical imaging of fault zones. Phy. of the Earth and Plan, Interiors,150, 93-105 (2005)
  13. Schuett H., Kiessling D., Schoebel B., Krueger K., Schmidt-Hattenberger C. and Schiling F., Monitoring of geological CO storage with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) : Results from a field experiment near Ketzin/Germany, American Geophy, Union, Fall Meeting Abstract, S54A-03, (2008)
  14. Akpan A.E., George N.J. and George A.M., Geophysical investigation of some prominent gully erosion sites in Calabar, southeastern Nigeria and its implications to hazard prevention, Disaster Adv.,2(3), 46-50 (2009)
  15. Akpan A.E., Ukwang E.E. and Esu E.O., Investigating the state of some engineering materials in parts of Akamkpa area of the Precambrian Oban Massif, southeastern Nigeria, Jour. of Min. and Geo.,40(2), 113-119 (2011)
  16. Chambers J.E., Wilkinson P.B., Wealthall, G.P., Loke, M.H., Dearden, R., Wilson R., Allen D. and Ogilvy, R.D. Hydrogeophysical imaging of deposit heterogeneity and groundwater chemistry changes during DNAPL source zone bioremediation, Jour. of Cont. Hydrol.,118(1-2), 43–61 (2010)
  17. Rosales R.M., Martínez-Pagan P., Faz A. and Moreno-Cornejo J., Environmental Monitoring using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the subsoil of three Former Petrol Stations in SE Spain, Water, Air and Pollution, doi,10, 1007/s11270-012-1146-0 (2012)
  18. Reyment R.A., Aspect of the Geology of Nigeria, Ibadan Univ, Press, Ibadan, 145 (1965)
  19. Nwachukwu S.O., The tectonic evolution o the southern portion of the Benur Trough, Nigeria, Geol. Mag., 109, 411- 419 (1972)
  20. Wright J.B., Origin of the Benue Trough : A critical review in Geology of Nigeria. (ed. C.O. Kogbe), Elizabethan publ. Co. Lagos, 187-205 (1976)
  21. Offodile M.E., Hydrogeochemical interpretation of the middle Benue and Abakaliki brine Fields, Jour of Min. and geo., 13(2) 79 (1976)
  22. Ofoegbu C.O., A tectonic model for the evolution of the Benue Trough of Nigeria, Geol. Rundschau, 73, 1007-1018 (1984)
  23. Akande S.O., Hoffknecht A. and Erdtmann B.D., Environment of ore formation and anchizonal metamorphism in Pb-Zn-flourite-barite deposits of the Benue trough, Nigeria, Geol. en Mijnbouw, 74, 131-144 (1992)
  24. Agarwal M., Jain S. and Shandilya A.K., Hydro-Chemical Evaluation of Ground Water of Area Around Raisar, Bikaner District, Rajasthan, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(5), 72-78 (2013)