@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of Heavy Metal (Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu) Content in Roadside Dust of Dhaka Metropolitan City, Bangladesh<#LINE#>M.A.@Rakib,M.@Ali,M.S.@Akter,Mohammad A.H.@Bhuiyan<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-246.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, BANGLADESH @ Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, BANGLADESH @ Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, BANGLADESH @ Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>30/11/2013<#LINE#>6/1/2014<#LINE#> This study was focused on metal contamination of the road side dusty soil along with environmental impacts in the Dhaka City of Bangladesh. The energy based dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) methods was applied to investigate the target metal (Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu) concentration form samples. Most of the metal content was observed to be higher compare to the background values. A significant positive correlation was found among the pairs of element Pb/Zn, Pb/Cr, Pb/Cu, Zn/Cr and Cr/Cu, respectively. Results showed that anthropogenic input and upward trends of industrial growth identified as a main cause of environmental contamination. Long term exposure of public health to metals may expedite health risk of the city dwellers. <#LINE#> @ @ Li X. D., Poon C. and Liu P. S., Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong, Applied Geochemistry, 16, 1361–1368 (2001) @No $ @ @ Li X. D., Lee S., Wong S., Shi W. and Thornton I., The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach, Environmental Pollution, 129, 113–124(2004) @No $ @ @ Chen T. B., Wong J. W. C., Zhou H. Y. and Wong M. H., Assessment of trace metal distribution and contamination in surface soils of Hong Kong, Environmental Pollution,96 (1), 61–68 (1997) @No $ @ @  4.De Miguel E., Llamas J. F., Chaco´n E., Berg T., Larssen S., Røyset O. and Vadset M., Origin and patterns of distribution of trace elements in street dust: unleaded petrol and urban lead, Atmospheric Environment, 31 (17), 2733–2740 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wang W. H., Wong M. H., Leharne S. and Fisher B., Fractionation and biotoxicity of heavy metals in urban dusts collected from Hong Kong and London, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 20, 185–198(1998) @No $ @ @ Imperato M., Adamo P., Naimo D., Arienzo M., Stanzione D. ans Violante P., Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils of Naples city (Italy), Environmental Pollution, 124, 247–256 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sezgin N., Ozcan H.K., Demir G., Nemlioglu S. and Bayat C., Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5 highway, Environment International, 29, 979–985 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ahmed F. and Ishiga H., Trace metal concentrations in street dusts of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, Atmospheric Environment,40, 3835–3844 (2006) @No $ @ @ Adriano D. C., Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, and Risks of Metals, second ed. Springer, New York, 867 (2001) @No $ @ @ Atiemo M. S., Ofosu G. F., Kuranchie-Mensah H., Tutu A. O., Palm N. D. M. L. and Blankson S. A., Contamination Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Dust from  elected Roads in Accra, Ghana, Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3(5), 473-480 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yeung Z. L. L., Kwok R. C. W. and Yu K.N., Determination of multi-element profiles of street dust using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 58, 339-346 (2003) @No $ @ @ Khuda Z. R. M. M., Environmental degradation, challenges of the 21st century. Environmental Survey and Research Unit, Dhaka, 247 (2001) @No $ @ @ Oprea C. D. and Pincovschi E., The assessment of pollution in the area of Turnu Magurele affected by fertilizers plant, Romanian Reports in Physics, 55(2), 111-115 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rahman G., Majumder M. K. and Rana B., State of air pollution in Bangladesh. Bangladesh state of environment report 1999. Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh (FEJB), Dhaka, 71–84 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hossen M., Bangladesh environment facing the 21stcentury, second ed. Society for Environment and Human Development (SEHD), Dhaka, 207–216 (2002) @No $ @ @ Karim M. M., Islam M. and Hoque M. S., Current status, comprehensive management tool, and state-of-art solution for air quality in Bangladesh. Bangladesh environment 2000 (an outcome of ICBEN-2000) Bangladesh Poribesh Andolon (BAPA), Dhaka, 1–28 (2000) @No $ @ @ Smichowski P., Gómez D. R., Frazzoli C. and Caroli S., Traffic-related elements in airborne particulate matter, Appl. Spectros. Rev., 43, 23-49 (2008) @No $ @ @Chamon A.S., Mondal M.N. and Ullah S.M., Effects of different organic amendments on growth and elemental composition of tomato grown on polluted soil, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 32 (1), 127-139 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>A Study of Groundwater Quality in Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Gorakhpur City in India<#LINE#>Apoorv@Verma,Govind@Pandey<#LINE#>6-8<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-250.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Civil Engineering, M.M.M. Engineering College Gorakhpur- 273 010, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>4/12/2013<#LINE#>4/1/2014<#LINE#>This study was carried out in Gorakhpur city and peri-urban area of Khorabar block to assess the some groundwater quality parameters of selected India Mark-II and shallow depth hand pumps. A total number of 16 samples were tested for pH, acidity, alkalinity, chloride, total hardness and fluoride and the results are compared for Gorakhpur city and Khorabar block. It is revealed that total dissolved solids and hardness exceeded in 25 percent of the samples taken from shallow depth hand pumps in Gorakhpur city whereas, in Khorabar block 25 percent of the samples were affected by pH. It is, therefore, suggested to take up detailed water quality surveys and community awareness programs on water quality in urban and peri-urban areas of Gorakhpur city.   <#LINE#> @ @ Punmia B.C. and Jain A.K.,  Wastewater Engineering, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd, New Delhi, (1998) @No $ @ @ Mushini Venkata Subba Rao, Vaddi Dhilleswara Rao and Bethapudi Samuel Anand Andrews, Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District’, Andhra Pradesh, India, International Research Journal of Environmental Science, 1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mathur R.P., Water and Waste Water Testing, University of Roorkee, (1993) @No $ @ @ Jones J.A.A., Sustaining groundwater resources, international year of planet earth, 207doi10.1007/978-90-48134267_13, (2011) @No $ @ @ Howard K.W.F. and R. Israfilov, Current problems of hydrogeology in urban areas, urban agglomerates and industrial centres ‘NATO Science Series IV, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kluwer, 77-102, (2002) @No $ @ @ Evenson R.E. and D. Gollin, Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000 Science 2 May 2003: 300(5620), 758– 762 DOI: 10.1126/science.1078710, (2003) @No $ @ @ Giordano, M. and K.G. Villholth, ‘The Agricultural Groundwater Revolution: Opportunities and Threats to Development’ CABI, in ass. w. IWMI, 419 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jones J.A.A., Water Sustainability – A Global Perspective, IGU Commission for Water Sustainability, Hodder Education, UK. 452 (2010) @No $ @ @ Janakarajan S., M. Llorente and M.H. Zérah, Urban water conflicts in Indian cities: Man-made scarcity as a critical factor’; UNESCO, ‘Urban Water Conflicts – An analysis on the origins and nature of water-related unrest and conflicts in the urban context. Setting’, UNESCO Working Series SC-2006/WS/19. UNESCO, Paris, 91-112, (2006) @No $ @ @ Verma, Apoorv, Study on Water Quality Assessment in Gorakhpur District, M.Tech. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engg., M. M. M. Engg. College, Gorakhpur (UP)(2013) @No
<#LINE#>A Study on the Presence of Faecal Coliforms (E.coli) in Groundwater Samples of Gorakhpur City, India<#LINE#>Piyush@Gupta,Govind@Pandey,Milind@Gore,D.K.@Srivastava,B.R.@Misra<#LINE#>9-12<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-251.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College, Gorakhpur – 273010, UP, INDIA @ National Institute of Virology, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, UP, INDIA @ Department of Community Medicine, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>4/12/2013<#LINE#>29/12/2013<#LINE#>The paper incorporates the outcome of the study carried out in Gorakhpur city to test the presence of faecal coliforms (E.coli) in ground water samples using HS bottles. The study was carried out in April, 2013 and 60 samples were collected from India Mark-II and shallow depth hand pumps located in different areas of Gorakhpur city. The samples were also collected from the hand-pumps located near water logged areas. The testing of the samples indicated the contamination of ground water by faecal coliforms in shallow depth as well as India Mark-II hand-pumps. It was found that most of the samples taken from hand-pumps located near water logged areas showed the presence of faecal coliforms (E.coli). The measures for strict quality assurance in the installation and operation of India Mark-II hand-pumps and water quality surveillance by local body and government agencies with the involvement of community participation have been suggested. <#LINE#> @ @ Jothivenkatachalam K., Nithya A., Gajendran C. and Thamarai, Corelation analysis of drinking water quality in and around Perur block of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, 3, P. Poll. Res., 27(4), 679 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rompre A., Roubin M. and Laurent P., Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water: current methods and emerging approaches, Journal of Microbiological Methods,49, 31–54 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vajpayee P., Ram S. and Shanker R., Contamination of Potable Water Distribution Systems by Multiantimicrobial-Resistant Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Environ. Health Perspect., 116(4), 448–452 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sivaborvorn, On Development of Simple Tests for Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water (Water Quality Control Southeast Asia), Department of Sanitary Engineering, Mahidol University, Thailand Centre File 3-P-83-0317-03 (1988) @No $ @ @ Chauhan V. S., Yunus M., Geochemistry and mobilization of arsenic in Shuklaganj area of Kanpur–Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India, Environmental monitoring and assessment, no. 8 Springer-Verlag P. 4889-4901, (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on the Solid Waste Collection by Rag Pickers at Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, India<#LINE#>Kuruva Syamala@Devi,Arza V.V.S.@Swamy,Ravuri Hema@krishna<#LINE#>13-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-252.pdf<#LINE#>G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science (For Women), Shaikpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA @ Department of Environmental Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. M5S 3H6 CANADA<#LINE#>9/12/2013<#LINE#>28/12/2013<#LINE#>Waste was an unavoidable by-product of human activities. Economic development, urbanization and improved living standards in cities contribute to increase in the quantity and complexity of generated solid waste. If accumulated, it leads to degradation of urban environment, stresses natural resources and leads to health problems.Solid waste management has become a major environmental issue in India. Waste management, however, remains a major challenge for any society, since all natural processes generate waste. Rag pickers play an important, but usually unrecognised role in the waste management system of Indian cities. They collect garbage in search of recyclable items that can be sold to scrap merchant like paper, plastic, tin...ect. This activity require no skills and is a source of income for a growing number of urban poor people. The present paper intends to present a vulnerability study of the rag pickers of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) with focus on the socio-economic and occupational health aspects. The paper makes use of a database, parenting to the socio-economic profile of the rag pickers including the working conditions, and their problems and expectations. This information has been developed through literature review, questionnaire survey and open-ended interviews conducted to generate data on rag pickers in GHMC. <#LINE#> @ @ Syamala Devi. K., PhD Thesis, Solid Waste Management of Greater Hyderabad Municipal  Corporation (2013) @No $ @ @ Jin J., Wang Z. and Ran S., Solid waste management in Macao: practices and challenges, Waste Management, 26, 1045– 1051 (2006) @No $ @ @ Indapurkar and  Shrinivas, Hospital waste management: a burning issue, FRCH  Newsletter X (5) September -     October, 6-7 (1996) @No $ @ @ Syamala Devi K.  Swamy A.V.V.S. and Hema krishna R., The potential adverse health effects on residents near hazardous municipal solid waste dump site -At Jawahar Nagar-Hyderabad, Global Journal of Applied       Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 67-80 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Mondal A.N., Gaikwad S.A., Devotta  S. and Singh R.N., Qualitative assessment of methane emission inventory from municipal solid waste disposal sites: a case study:  Atmospheric Environment,38, 4921-4929 (2004) @No $ @ @ Beede D.N. and Bloom D.E., The Economics of Municipal Solid Waste, The World Bank Research Observer:  10(2),113-50 (1995) @No $ @ @ Reddy S. and Galab S., An Integrated Economic and Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Management in India – the Case of Hyderabad, India (1998) @No $ @ @ Marques M. and Hogland W.,  Leachate Modelling in Full-Scale Cells Containing  Predominately MSW      Incineration Residues, In: Sardinia´99, Seventh International Waste  Management and Landfill Symposium, 4-8      October 1999, Cagliari, Italy, , 613-620 (1999) @No $ @ @ Agarwal R. and Gupta K.S., Recycling responsibility. Sustaining the informal sector, Solid  Waste Management-Current status and strategies for future. Allied  Publishers Pvt Ltd,Bangalore, India, 304-308 (2002) @No $ @ @ Dhanalakshmi, R. and S. Iyer., Solid Waste Management in Madras City. Madras,Pattipaggam Ltd. Chennai, India, (1999) @No $ @ @ Hogland W., Marques M. and Paulsson B., Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region, ISWA World  Congress 2000. (submitted) Hogland, W, Marques, M., Nimmermark,  S., and Larsson, L., 1999. Landfill Mining and Stage of Waste Degradation in Two Landfills  in Sweden. APLAS Fukuoka 2000, Asian-Pacific     landfill Symposium, October 11-13, (2000) Fukuoka, Japan. (in press), (1999) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Mondal A.N., Gaikwad S.A., Devotta S. and Singh R.N., Qualitative assessment of methane mission inventory from municipal solid waste disposal sites: a case study, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4921-4929 (2004) @No $ @ @ Menon R.V.G.J., Joseph M., Ambat B. and Vinod V., Survey of Urban Solid Wastes in Thiruvannathapuram      City, Sponsored by Hazardous Substances Management Division,  Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt of India, Organized by Centre for Environment and  Development, Thiruvananthapuram, 105 (1994) @No $ @ @ Alwaeli M., The impact of product charges and EU directives on the level of packaging  waste recycling in   Poland, Resources, Conservation and Recycling,54, 609–614 (2010) @No $ @ @ Agdag O.N., Comparison of old and new municipal solid waste management systems in Denizli, Turkey, Waste Management, 29, 456–464 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bhattarai R.C., Role of Informal Sector for Reuse and Recycling of Waste in Kathmandu, Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies,2 (1), 76 – 89 (2005) @No $ @ @ Refsgaard K. and Magnussen K., Household behavior and attitudes with respect to recycling  food waste experiences from focus groups, Journal of Environmental Management,90, 760–771 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sangodoyin A.Y. and Ipadeola S.F., Hazardous wastes: assessing the efficacy of structures and   approaches to      management in Nigeria, Environmental Management and Health,11, 39–46 (2000) @No $ @ @ Refsgaard K. and Magnussen K., Household behavior and attitudes with respect to recycling  food waste       experiences from focus groups, Journal of Environmental Management,90, 760–771 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sharholy M., Ahmad K., Mahmood G. et al, Municipal solid waste management in Indian  cities – A review,        Waste Management 28, 459–467 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Study for the treatment of Cyanide bearing Wastewater using Bioadsorbent Prunus Amygdalus (Almond shell): Effect of pH, adsorbent dose, Contact Time, Temperature, and initial Cyanide concentration<#LINE#>Naveen@Dwivedi,Chandrajit@Balomajumder,Prasenjit@Mondal<#LINE#>23-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-259.pdf<#LINE#>Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, UK-248007 @ Department of Biotechnology, S.D. College of Engineering and Technology, Muzaffarnagar-251001, UP, INDIA @ Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, UK, INDIA<#LINE#>17/12/2013<#LINE#>11/1/2014<#LINE#>In the present study, the bio-removal of cyanide ions from aqueous solution by Prunus amygdalus (Almond Shell) granule has been investigated as a function of equilibrium pH, bio adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature and initial cyanide concentration. Batch study revealed that the bio-adsorption of cyanide on Prunus amygdalus (Almond Shell) granule was strongly pH dependent, and maximum cyanide removal was found to occur at equilibrium pH of 7. Optimum adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature were found 20g/L, 90 minutes, and 30C respectively. Initial cyanide concentration was also investigated as a function of cyanide removal efficiency of bioadsorbent.   <#LINE#> @ @ Monser L. and Adhoum N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater, Sep. Purif. Technol., (26) 137-146 (2002) @No $ @ @ Aksu Z., Calik A., Dursun A.Y., Demircan Z., Biosorption of iron(III)–cyanide complex ions on Rhizopus arrhizus: application of adsorption isotherms, Process Biochem., (34)483–491 (1999) @No $ @ @ Patil Y.B. and Paknikar K.M., Development of a process for biodetoxification of metal cyanides from wastewater, Pro. Biochem, (35) 1139-1151 (2000) @No $ @ @ ATSDR, CERCLA priority list of hazardous substances, Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/07list.html (accessed 11.01.2010) (2007) @No $ @ @ ATSDR and USEPA, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), priority list of hazardous substances, Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/07list.html (accessed 12.02.2011) (2007) @No $ @ @ Dursun A.Y., Alik A.C., Aksu Z., Degradation of ferrous(II) cyanide complex ions by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Process Biochem,(34), 901–908 (1999) @No $ @ @ Indian standard Institution, Guide for treatment of effluents of electroplating industry, IS: 7453-(1974) @No $ @ @ Young C.A. and Jordan T.S., Cyanide remediation: current and past technologies Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research: 104-129 (2004) @No $ @ @ USEPA, Drinking water criteria document for cyanide, EPA/600/X-84-192-1(1985) @No $ @ @ Young, C.A., Jordan, T.S., Cyanide remediation: current and past technologies. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, Great Plains/Rocky Mountain Hazardous Substance Research Center, Kansas State University, Kansas, 104-129 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kaewkannetra P., Imai T., Garcia-Garcia F.J., Chiu T.Y., Cyanide removal from cassava mill wastewater using Azotobactor vinelandii TISTR 1094 with mixed microorganisms in activated sludge treatment system, J. Hazard. Mater.,(172) 224–228 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sirianuntapiboon S., Chairattanawan K., Rarunroeng M. , Biological removal of cyanide compounds from electroplating wastewater (EPWW) by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system, J. Hazard. Mater.(154) 526–534 (2008) @No $ @ @ White D.M., Pilon T.A., Woolard C., Biological treatment of cyanide containing wastewater, Water Res (34) 2105–2109(2000) @No $ @ @  14.EPA, Technical report: Treatment of cyanide heap leaches and tailings, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC, (EPA530R94037, PB94201837) (1994) @No $ @ @ Chen C.Y., Kao C.M., Chen S.C., Application of Klebsiella oxytoca immobilized cells on the treatment of cyanide wastewater, Chemosphere(71) 133–139 (2008) @No $ @ @ Moussavi G., Khosravi R., Removal of cyanide from wastewater by adsorption onto pistachio hull wastes: Parametric experiments, kinetics and equilibrium analysis, J. Hazard. Mater.(183) 724-730 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mehrasbi Mohammad Reza, Farahmandkia Zohreh, Taghibeigloo Bahareh, Taromi Azra, Adsorption of Lead and Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Using Almond Shells, Water Air Soil Pollut,(199) 343–351(2009) @No $ @ @ Iamarino P.F., The direct spectrophotometric determination of cyanide with picric acid reagent. JRGRL INCO Ltd. (based on V.J. Zatka method) JRGRL, November 1980 which was a modification of the method of D.J. Barkley and J.C. Ingles, Report 221, CANMET, (February 1970) (1989) @No $ @ @ Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., and Teller E., Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers, J. Am. Chem., 60(2), 309–319 (1938) @No $ @ @ Guo R., Chakrabarti C.L., Subramanian K.S., X. Ma, Lu Y., Cheng J., Pickering W.F., Sorption of low levels of cyanide by granular activated carbon, Water Environ. Res.(65)640–644(1993) @No $ @ @ McKay G., Bino M.J, Adsorption of pollutants onto activated carbon in fixed beds, J. Chem. Techol. Biotechnol. (37) 81–83 (1987) @No $ @ @ Mondal, P., Majumder, C. B., and Mohanty, B., Effects of adsorbent dose, its particle size and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic, iron and manganese from simulated groundwater by Fe3+impregnated activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 150(3)  695–702 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gupta Neha, Majumder C. B. and Agarwal V. K., Adsorptive treatment of cyanide-bearing wastewater: A prospect for sugar industry waste, Chem. Eng. Comm., 200:993–1007 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jorapur, R., and Rajvanshi, A. K., Sugarcane leaf-bagasse gasifiers for industrial heating applications, Biomass Bioenergy, 13(3) 141–146 (1997) @No $ @ @ Swamy, M. M., Studies on the treatment of phenolic wastewaters using adsorption and immobilized whole cells, PhD diss., University of Roorkee, India (1998) @No $ @ @ Katyal, S., Thambimuthu, K., and Valix, M., Carbonation of bagasse in a fixed bed reactor: Influence of process variables on char yield and characteristics, Renew. Energy, 28(5) 713–725 (2003) @No $ @ @ Behnamfard Ali, Mehdi Salarirad Mohammad, Equilibrium and kinetic studies on free cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., (170) 127–133 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dash R.R., Gaur A., Majumder C.B., Removal of cyanide from water and wastewater using granular activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. (146) 408–413(2009) @No $ @ @ Naeem S. Zafar U. and Amann T., Adsorption Studies of Cyanide (CN)- on Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res, 46(1),101-104, (2011) @No $ @ @ Yel Esra, Onen Vildan, Tezel Ggulay, Ali ozkan Ilker, Artificial neural network model for [Cu(Cn)2- adsorption by raw and activated sepiolite, Recent Advances in Energy, Environment and Geology, 62-69. @No $ @ @ Deveci H., Yazc E.Y., Alp I., Uslu T., Removal of cyanide from aqueous solutions by plain and metal-impregnated granular activated carbons, Int. J. Miner. Process,(79) 198–208 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bose Purnendu, Bose Aparna M., Kumar Sunil, Critical evaluation of treatment strategies involving adsorption and chelation for wastewater containing copper, zinc and cyanide,  Advan. Environ. Res., (7) 179-195 (2002) @No $ @ @  Baghel A., Singh B., Pandey P., Dhaked R.K., Gupta A.K., Ganeshan, K., Sekhar K., Adsorptive removal of water poisons from contaminated water by adsorbents, J. Hazard. Mater.,(137) 396–400 (2006) @No $ @ @ Agarwal Bhumica and Balomajumder Chandrajit, Use of coal fly ash for simultaneous co-adsorptive removal of phenol and cyanide from simulated coke wastewater, Sustain. Environ. Res.,23(6), 359-368 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Antioxidants and Some Biochemical Parameters in Workers Exposed to Petroleum Station Pollutants in Mosul City, Iraq<#LINE#>A. Al-Helaly@Luay,Y. Ahmed@Tareq<#LINE#>31-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-262.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mosul University, IRAQ<#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>29/12/2013<#LINE#>The present study was conducted in Mosul city to evaluted the effects of different pollution sources on antioxidants and some biochemical parameters. The parameters included: Vitamin E, Vitamin A,-carotene, Vitamin C, folic acid, ceruloplasmin (Cp), total protein, albumin, calcium, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), iron, sulfate, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol, glucose, selenium and transferrin saturation(%). The study involved (110) persons divided into two groups, one of which was subjected to petroleum station workers included(51 nonsmokers) worked at different positions and the other considered to be control group (n = 59 nonsmokers)(Outside city center living) with similar age and sex. The results showed a significant decrease in: vitamin E, vitamin C, creatinine, GSH and cholesterol, with no significant changes in: folic acid, calcium, iron, sulfate, glucose, selenium and transferrin saturation (%), vitamin A, -carotene, total bilirubin and TIBC.  On the other hand, there was a significant increase in: Cp., total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid and MDA. In addition, the increase of workers period in petroleum station cause, a decrease in: vitamin E, vitamin C, folic acid, Cp., total protein,albumin, calcium, GSH, glucose and selenium, and an increase in: vitamin A, carotene, total bilirubin, uric acid,creatinine, TIBC, iron, sulfate, MDA, cholesterol, transferrin saturation(%)were observed.It was concluded that an increase exposure of petroleum pollutants to the workers led to an increase in their oxidative stress.

<#LINE#> @ @ Prasad T.I., Suresh K.M. and Prasad D.A. Charecterization of Diffuse Chemical Pollution in Satna District of Vindhya Region, IndiaInt. Res. J. Environment Sci2(11), 46-60 (2013) @No $ @ @ Chatterjee P. and Das P. Changes in Lung Function status of Adult Female over last one decade: A Cross-Sectional study in Kolkata, IndiaInt. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(7), 30-34 (2013) @No $ @ @ Singh V.K., Patel D.K., Jyoti Ram S., Mathur N. and Siddiqui M.K. Blood Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Children and their Association with Oxidative Stress Indices: An Indian PerspectiveClin. Biochem.41,152–161(2008) @No $ @ @ Svecova V., Rossner P., Jr., Dostal M., Topinka J., Solansky I. and Sram R.J. Urinary 8-oxodeoxyguanosine levels in children exposed to air pollutantsMutat. Res66237-43(2009) @No $ @ @ Cracowski J.L., Durand T. and Bessard G. Isoprostanes as a Biomarker of Lipid Peroxidation in Humans: Physiology, Pharmacology and Clinical ImplicationsTrends Pharmacol. Sci23, 360–366(2002) @No $ @ @ Dietrich M., Block, G., Hudes, M., Morrow, J. D., Norkus, E.P., Traber, M.G., Cross, C.E. and Packer, L. Antioxidant supplementation decreases lipid peroxidation biomarker F(2)-isoprostanes in plasma of smokers, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.11, 7–13(2002) @No $ @ @ Dietrich M., Block G., Benowitz N.L., Morrow J.D., Hudes M., Jacob P., 3rd, Norkus, E.P. and Packer, L. Vitamin C supplementation decreases oxidative stress biomarker f2-isoprostanes in plasma of nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, Nutr. Cancer,45, 176–184(2003) @No $ @ @  Rossner P., Jr., Svecova V., Milcova A., Lnenickova Z., Solansky I. and Sram R.J., Seasonal variability of oxidative stress markers in city bus drivers, Part II. Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, Mutat. Res.,642, 21–27 (2008) @No $ @ @ Marie C., Ravanat J.L., Badouard C., Marques M., Balducci F. and Maitre A., Urinary levels of oxidative DNA and RNA damage among workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in silicon production: Comparison with 1-hydroxypyrene, Environ. Mol. Mutagen.,50, 88–95 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ujowundu C.O., Kalu F.N., Nwaoguikpe R.N., Kalu O.I., Ihejirika C.E., Nwosunjoku E.C., Okechukwu R.I. Biochemical and physical characterization of diesel oil contaminated soil in southeastern Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(8), 57-62 (2011) @No $ @ @ Saini B., Verma R., Himanshu S.K. and Gupta S., Analysis of exhaust emissions from gasoline powered vehicles in a Sub-urban Indian town, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(1), 37-42(2013) @No $ @ @ Valko M.D., Leibfritz J., Moncol M.T. C. and Mazur M., Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.,39, 44-84 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nakagawa, H., Miyata, N. 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperdim-1 oxyl process for evaluating oxidative stress on the cell membrane and mitochondria, Pub Med indexed for med.Line (2008) @No $ @ @ Gold, D.R., Litonjua, A., Schwartz, J., Verrier, M., Milstein, R., Larson, A., Lovett, E., Verrier, R. Ambient pollution and heart rate variability, Circulation. 101,1267–1273(2000) @No $ @ @  Sadhana, Ch., Ashwani, K. and Anand Dev G. Air pollution and air quality index of Kodinar Gujrat, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(5), 62-67(2013) @No $ @ @  Peters, A., Liu, E., Verrier, R.L., Schwartz, J., Gold, D.R., Mittleman, M., Baliff, J., Oh, A., Allen, G., Monahan, K. Air pollution and incidences of cardiac arrhythmia,Epidemiology,11,11–17 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kelly, F.J., Blomberg, A. Frew A., Holgate ST, Sandström T. Antioxidant kinetics in lung lavage fluid following exposure of humans to nitrogen dioxide, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med.,154, 1700-1705 (1996) @No $ @ @ Liang L., D'Haese, P., Lamberts, L.V., DeBroe, M.E. Direct determination of iron in urine and serum using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Analysis., 114,143-147(1989) @No $ @ @  Neeld J.B., Person W.N., Macro- and micromethods for the determination of serum vitamin A using trifluoroacetic acid, J.Nutr., 79, 454-462 (1963) @No $ @ @ Emmerie A. and Engel C., Serum total tocopherol estimation by colorimetric method, Nature, 142, 873 (1938) @No $ @ @ Roe J.H. and Kuther C.H., The determination of dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid in plant tissues by the 2,4-dinitophenylhydrazine method, J.Biol.Chem., 147, 399 (1943) @No $ @ @ Sedlak J. and Lindsay R.H., Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent, Anal. Biochem., 25(1), 192–205 (1968) @No $ @ @ Lunec J., Free radicals: their involvement in disease processes, Review Articale, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 27, 173–182 (1990) @No $ @ @ Varley H., Practical clinical biochemistry, 4th ed. The White Friars Press Ltd. UK, 82(1967) @No $ @ @ Toro, G., Ackermann P. G.Practical clinical chemistry, Little, Brown and Company(Inc.), USA, 497-506 (1975) @No $ @ @ Kingsley G.R., The direct biuret method for the determinations of serum proteins as applied to photoelectric and visual colorimetry, J Clin. Lab. 27, 840-847 (1942) @No $ @ @ Doumas, B.T., Waston, W.A., Bigg, H.G. Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with BCG, Clin Chim Acta, 31,87-96 (1971) @No $ @ @ Sunderman, F.W., Nomato, S. Measurement of human serum ceruloplasmin by its para phenylenediamine oxidase activity.Clin. Chem. 16(11), 903-910 (1970) @No $ @ @ Trinder P., Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor, Ann. Clin. Biochem. , 24-27 (1969) @No $ @ @ Richmond, W. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia Sp. And its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol, Clin. Chem., 19(12), 1350-1356 (1973) @No $ @ @ Jaffe M., Uber, denNiederschlag, Wwlchen Pikrinsaure in normalem harn erzeugt and uber eine neue reaktion des creatinine, Hoppe- Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem., 10, 391-400 (1886) @No $ @ @ William L., White J.M., Flashka C.M., The measurment of iron and total iron binding capacityby using calorimetric test (ferrozine), Clin. Chem.23, 237-239 (1977) @No $ @ @ Burtis C.A. and Ashwood E.R., Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3 rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, USA, 490, 482, 1048, 500, 1241(1999) @No $ @ @ Rbertson W.G. and  Marshall R.W., Calcium measurments in serum and plasma : total and ionized, Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci., 11, 271-304 (1979) @No $ @ @ Snell F.D., Photometric and fluorometric methods of analysis non metals, John Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 482-517 (1981) @No $ @ @ Sellappa S., Sadhanandhan B. and Francis A., Evaluation of genotoxicity in petrol station workers in south India using micronucleus assay, Industrial Health,48, 852–856 (2010) @No $ @ @ Anetor J.I. Serum uric acid and urinary protein: reliable bioindirectors of lead nephropathy in Nigerian lead workers, African J. Biomed. Res., 5(1-2), 19-24 (2002) @No $ @ @  Sies H., Stahl W. and Sundquist A.R., Antioxidant functions of vitamins. vitamins E and C, beta-carotene and other carotenoids, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 669, 7–20 (1992) @No $ @ @ Hong Y, Park E, Park M., Community level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population,Toxicol Lett., 184(2), 139–144 (2009) @No $ @ @ Al-Fhady N.H.A.M., Comparison of carbon monoxide, lead and cadmium effect upon blood of workers in contact, Ph. D. Thesis, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, 54 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chavez J., Cano C., Souki A., Bermudez V., Medina M., Ciszek A. and Amell A., Hernandez-Hernandez, R. and Valasco, M. Effect of cigarette smoking on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in healthy subjects, Am. J. Ther., 14,189–193 (2007) @No $ @ @ Chen Y., Effects of benzene on lipid peroxidation and the activity of relevant enzymes in humans, Chin J Prevent Med.,26, 336–338 (1992) @No $ @ @ Georgieva T., Michailova A. and Panev T., Possibilities to control the health risk of petrochemical workers, Int Arch Occup Environ Health75, 21–26 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lai Ch. H., Saou-Hsing Liou, Jouni J.K. Jaakkola, Han-Bin Huang4, Ting-Yao Su, Paul T. Strickland. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with traffic exhaust: The increase of lipid peroxidation and reduction of antioxidant capacity, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 12, 941–950 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gittleman et al, 1994. Cited by Anetor, J. I. Serum uric acid and urinary protein: reliable bioindirectors of lead nephropathy in nigerian lead workers, African J. Biomed. Res.,  5(1-2), 19-24 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ball G.V. and Sorensen L.B., Pathogenesis of hyperuricaemia in Saturnine gout, N. EngI. J. Med.,280, 1199-203 (1969) @No $ @ @ Farkas W.R., Skai J. and Schneider M., Saturnine gout: Lead-induced formation of guanine crystals, Science, 199, 786-797 (1978) @No $ @ @ Aycicek A., Erel O. and Kocyigit A., Decreased total antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in passive smoker infants and their mothers, Pediatr. Int.,47, 635–639 (2005) @No $ @ @ López-Tinoco C., Roca M., García-Valero, A., Murri M., Tinahones F.J, Segundo C., Bartha JL, Aguilar-Diosdado M. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus, Acta. Diabetol., (2011) @No $ @ @ Clausen J. and Rastogi C., Heavy metal pollution among autoworkers lead, Br. J. Ind. Med., 34, 208-215 (1977) @No $ @ @ Seema T., Tiwari H.L. and Tripathi I.P., Review paper lead effects on health, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(8), 83-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Seema T. and Tripathi I.P., Lead pollution – An Overview, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(5), 84-86 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dündarz M.R., Türkbay T., Cemal Akay S., Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in adolescents with inhalant abuse, Turk. J. Pediat.,45, 43-45 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kelly F.J., Oxidative stress: its role in air pollution and adverse health effects, Occup. Enviro. Med., 60, 612-616 (2003) @No $ @ @ Zielhuis R.L., Lead alloys and compounds. I: Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety, International Labour Office (Geneva), 2(2), 767-771 (1972) @No $ @ @ Birgitta A., Haeger J. and Aronsen, L. An assessment of the laboratory tests used to monitor the exposure of lead workers, Br. J. Ind. Med.,28, 52-58 (1971) @No $ @ @ Al-Nori M.K.J.N., Levels of some trace metals and related biochemicals in different laboratories, M.Sc. Thesis, College of Medicine, University of Mosul. Mosul, Iraq, 76 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kelle M., Diken H., Sermet A., Atmaca M., Mer C.T.,Effect of exercise on blood antioxidant status and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation: role of dietary supplementation of vitamin E., Tr. J. of Med. Sci.,29, 95-100 (1999) @No $ @ @ Welinder H., Skerfring S., Henriken O., Cadmium metabolism in man, Br. J. Indus. Med.,34, 221-228(1977) @No $ @ @ Sushil K.T., Madhur B.S., Toxicity of lead, Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 37(1), 3-7 (1993) @No $ @ @ Rokho K.M., Andea R., David S., Weiss T., Cane W., Howird H., A longitudinal study of low level lead exposure and impairment of renal function, JAMA, 275(15), 117-1181 (1996) @No $ @ @ Pompella A., De Yeta V., Casini A.F., The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist, Biochem. Pharmacol., 66(8), 499-503 (2003) @No $ @ @ Srilaxmi P., Sareddy G.R., Kavi kishor P.B., Setty O.H, Babu P.P., Protective efficacy of natansnin, a dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver, BMC Pharmacology, 10, 13 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mainous A.G., Gill J.M., Carek P.J.,  Elevated serum transferrin saturation and mortality, Ann. Fam. Med., 133, 138-142 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mayers G.D., Karmanna V.S., Kashyap M.L., Naicin therapy atherosclerosis, Current Opinion in Lipidology, 15(6), 659-665 (2004) @No $ @ @ Brown W.V., High density lipoprotein and transport of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood, J. Clin. Lipidol., , 7-19 (2007) @No $ @ @ Scholtz S.C., Pieters M., Oosthuizen W., Jerling J.C., Bosman M.J., Vorster H.H., The effect of red palm olein and refined palm olein on lipids and haemostatic factors in hyperfibrinogenaemic subjects, Throm. Res., 113, 13-25 (2004) @No
<#LINE#>A Study of Seasonal Variation in Biomass of three Medicinal Plants (Malva Neglecta, Rumex Patientia and Taraxacum Officinale) of Kashmir Valley, India<#LINE#>Abdul Barey@Shah,Shazia Majeed@Sofi<#LINE#>38-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-001.pdf<#LINE#> PG Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap P G College of Sciences, Srinagar (J&K), INDIA <#LINE#>1/1/2014<#LINE#>9/1/2014<#LINE#>The study of natural biotic community is a pre-requisite to understand the structural as well as functional attributes to locate for better landscape management. Study on biomass is essential for estimating net primary productivity of any species. The increasing trend of total utilizations of forests and its products has created the need to estimate the total biomass production in matter basis rather than conventional volume estimate. Therefore, estimation of biomass stands as a pre-requisite for better resource utilization. An attempt was made to estimate the seasonal trend of three important medicinal plants Malva Neglecta, Rumex Patientia and Taraxacum Officinale, with respect to their biomass status from protected and degraded sites of the Kashmir valley. The harvest method was used to estimate the biomass of the selected medicinal plants. Variations in biomass were observed in all the three selected medicinal plants from season to season. The quantitative investigation on biomass estimation revealed that there is need for conservation and management followed by regular monitoring because of the degradation of ground flora due to anthropogenic and animal activities.  <#LINE#> @ @ Xiangping W., Jingyun F. and Biao Z., Forest biomass and root shoot allocation in northern china, Forest ecology and management, 255, 4007-4070 ,(2008) @No $ @ @ Ghimire, S.K., Sah J.P., Shrestha K.K. and Bajracharya D., Ecological study of some high altitude medicinal and aromatic plants in the Gyassumdo Valley, Manang Nepal.Eco print, (1999) @No $ @ @ Pande P.K., Biomass and productivity in some disturbed tropical dry deciduous teak forests of Satpura plateau, Madhya Pradesh, Tropical Ecology, 46(2), 229-239, (2005) @No $ @ @ Caldeira M. C., Hector A., Loreau M. and Pereira J. S., Species richness, temporal variability and resistance of biomass production in a Mediterranean grassland, OIKOS110,115-123,( 2005) @No $ @ @ Miao Z. and Li C., Biomass estimates for Major Boreal forest species in west central Canada. Canadian forest service, Canadian wood fibre centre, (2007) @No $ @ @ Gairola S., Rawal R.S. and Todaria N.P., Forest vegetation patterns along an altitudinal gradient in sub-alpine zone of west Himalaya, India, African Journal of Plant Science,2(6), 042-048, (2008) @No $ @ @ Timilsina N., Ross M.S. and Heinen J.T., A community analysis of sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the western Terai of Nepal, Forest Ecology and Management, 241, 223-234, (2007) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M., Husain T., Heikh A.H.S., Hussain S.S. and Siddiqui M., Phytosociology and structure of Himalayan forests from different climatic zones of Pakistan, Pak Journal of Botany,38(2), 361-383 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kharkwal G., Qualitative analysis of tree species in evergreen forests of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India,  African Journal of Plant Science, 3(3), 049-052 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kunwar R.M. and Sharma S.P., Quantitative analysis of tree species in two community forests of Dolpa district, mid-west Nepal, Him J Sci,2(3), 23-28 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yagil O., Avi P. and Jaime K., Grazing effect on diversity of annual plant communities in a semi- arid rangeland interactions with small- scale spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity, Journal of Ecology, 90, 936-946, (2002) @No $ @ @ Manseau M.,  Huot J. and Crete M., Effects of summer grazing by Caribou on composition and productivity of vegetation: Community and landscape level, Journal of Ecology, 84, 503-513 (1996) @No $ @ @ Uniyal S. K., Awasthi A. and Rawat G. S., Biomass availability and forage quality of Eurotia ceratoides may in the range lands Changthang, eastern Ladakh, Current Science, 89,1, 10  (2005) @No $ @ @ Belsky A.J., The effect of grazing: confounding of ecosystem, community and organism scales,  American naturalist, 129, 777-783 (1987) @No $ @ @ Farooquee N.A. and Saxena K. G., Conservation and utilization of medicinal plants in high hills of the central Himalayas, Environmental Conservation, (23), 75–80, (1996) @No $ @ @ Dar G.H, Bhagat R.C. and Khan M.A., Biodiversity of the Kashmir Himalaya, Anmol  publications, New Delhi (2002) @No $ @ @ Oznur E.A. and Tugba B.O., Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological studies on Medicinal and Edible plant Malva neglecta, Pakistan Journal of Biological sciences, 9(14), 2716-2719, (2006) @No $ @ @ Shinwari Z., Watanabe T. and Ali M., Medicinal plants research in the 21st century. In: Proceedings of the International symposium medicinal plants, Linkages beyond national boundaries, (Eds.), 12-16, (2005) @No $ @ @ Maikhuri R.K., Nautiyal S., Rao K.S. and Saxena K.G.,  Medicinal plants cultivation and biosphere reserve management: a case study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Himalaya, Current Science, 74, 157–163 (1998a) @No $ @ @ Dar G.H. and Naqshi A.R., Plant Resources of Kashmir: Diversity, utilization and conservation,  Natural Resources of Western Himalayas, 109_113 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mishra K.C., Manual of plant ecology, Oxford and IBH publishing Co., New Delhi,193, 3rd edition, (1989) @No $ @ @ Vijay R. and Negi J.D.S., Biomass production of Euclyptus tereticornis in different agroecological regions of India, Indian forester,75,12, (2004) @No $ @ @ Pandit B.R. and Ushma P., Biomass and net primary production of herbaceous layer in wastelands of Bhavnagar District (Gujarat), Ecology Environment And Conservation,9(1), 25-29 (2003) @No $ @ @  Kirman S., Strasberg D., Grondin Z., Colin F., Gilles J. and Meunier J.D.,  Biomass and litter fall in a native lowland rain forest: Marelongue reserve, La Re union island, Indian Ocean, Forest ecology and management, 252 , 257-266, (2007) @No $ @ @ Panday T.N., Seasonal variation in the biomass and productivity in a protected grassland of the Chakia forest, Varanasi, Indian journal of Ecology,5(1), 37-42, (1997) @No $ @ @ Houghton R.A., Aboveground forest biomass and the global carbon balance, Global Change Biology, 11, 945-958, (2005) @No $ @ @ James T.M. and Jensen A., The carbon balance of grazed and non-grazed Spartina anglicasaltmarshes at Skallingen, Denmark, Journal of ecology, 86,229-242 (1998) @No
<#LINE#>A study to assess the effect of ground water quality and its impact on human health of people of Indore City<#LINE#>Sushama@Sharma,Atul@Thakkar<#LINE#>43-45<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2014-005.pdf<#LINE#>Mata Jijabai Govt. Girl’s P.G. College, Moti Tabela, Indore, MP, INDIA @ Astral Institute of Technology and Research, Indore, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>29/12/2013<#LINE#>10/1/2014<#LINE#>Indore is one of the largest cities of central India. The population of Indore is crossing mark of 3 million people. Water is the basic necessity of our life and it is an important natural resource which form’s the core of natural ecological system. I have tried our best to study the local water conditions scientifically along with past history. Due the increase of population limited source of water we have tried to full fill the need of water from various sources like the dug wells, tube wells, local water bodies  (lake and pond) and from the river Narmada which is situated about 70 km. from Indore town. Since last five years it is observed that people who are dependent upon the tube wells are suffering from some of the disease like constipation, kidney problem, hair loss, graying of hair, acidity etc. i. Objective of study is to find out the quality of ground water and its impact on mankind. ii. To know more about the chemicals present in the groundwater in different areas(Ca & Mg), iii. To find out the effect of excessive groundwater calcium on human health. Data has been collected through experimental method and observation. The result of chemical analysis of water shows that water of tube wells contains calcium carbonate, bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate in excess (more then standard limits) this excess of calcium is the responsible for the above mentioned diseases. Public awareness for the use of this groundwater is done by contacting the people and by public of this area also the news paper etc. Some remedial methods also suggested for the use of this water.  I am sure if people take precautions they can be protected from such diseases and they can enjoy healthy and cheerful life. <#LINE#> @ @ Das K.N., Methodology suggested for determining Ground water potential in Deccan Trap., Bull. Volcanoloqique, 3,635-640 (1971) @No $ @ @ Datta K.K. and Acharya A., Ground water condition of Malwa plateau and adjoining Narmada Valley in Jhabua, Dhar, Dewas, Khargon and Khandwa districts of Madhya Pradesh, bull. Geol. Survey of India, 19, 1-31 (1966) @No $ @ @ Punwatkar V.L., Ground water potential of Trap Rocks around Indore (M.P.) Sem. Vol. on earth resources utilization and environmental appraisal, 1-3 (1987) @No $ @ @ Das G., You and your drinking water: health implications for the use of cation exchange water softeners, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 28, 683-690 (1988) @No $ @ @ Department of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects No 46, Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease, London, (1994) @No $ @ @ Bohmer H., Muller H. and Resch K.L., Calcium supplementation with calcium rich-mineral waters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its bioavailability, Osteoporosis. Int., 11, 938-943 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bernardi D., Dini F.L., Azzarelli A., Giaconi A., Volterrani C. and Lunardi M., Sudden cardiac death rate in an area characterized by high incidence of coronary artery disease and low hardness of drinking water, Angelology, 46, 145-149 (1995) @No $ @ @ Gennari C., Effect of calcium supplementation as a high-calcium mineral water on bone loss in early postmenopausal woman, Calcif. Tissue Int.,59, 238-239 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kohri K., Kodama M., Ishikawa Y., Katayama Y., Takada M., Kotoh Y., Kataoka K., Iguchi M. and Kurita T., Magnesium-to- calcium ratio in tap water, and its relationship to geological features and the incidence of calcium containing urinary stones, J.Urol., 142, 1272-1275 (1989) @No $ @ @ Pence B.C., Role of calcium in colon cancer prevention: experimental and clinical studies, Mutat. Res., 290, 87-95 (1993) @No
<#LINE#>Documentation Elephant Birth in Chilkiya-Kota (Dhangari-Sunderkhal) Corridor, an important Wildlife Corridor in Corbett Landscape in Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>Sumanta@Kundu,Sandeep Kumar@Tiwari,Anil Kumar@Singh<#LINE#>46-48<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-243.pdf<#LINE#> Wildlife Trust of India, F-13, Sector-8, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA<#LINE#>21/11/2013<#LINE#>18/12/2013<#LINE#>The Chilkiya-Kota Corridor (Dhangari-Sunderkhal Corridor) is a major wildlife corridor in Corbett landscape in Uttarkhand, India connecting Corbett Tiger Reserve with Ramnagar Forest Division. The corridor is extensively used by Elephant and Tigers and the team documented rare incident of elephant birth from this corridor. The major portion of this corridor is blocked due to growing human encroachment and thus there is need of secure the corridor through relocation and rehabilitation of human habitation for the welfare of wildlife. <#LINE#> @ @ Rangarajan M., Desai A., Sukumar R., Easa P.S., Menon V., Vincent S., GangulyS., Talukder B.K., Singh B., Mudappa D., Chowdhury S., Prasad A.N., (Eds), Gajah – Securing The future for elephants In India, The report of the Elephant Task Force, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India (2010) @No $ @ @ Singh A.K., Johnsingh A.J.T. and Wiiliams A.C., Elephant Corridors of north-western India,In: Right of Passage: Elephant Corridors of India,Menon V., Tiwari S.K., Easa P.S. and Sukumar R.(2005), (Eds.). Conservation Reference Series 3, Wildife Trust of India, 50-61 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Brachyuran Crabs as a Biomonitoring tool: A Conceptual Framework for Chemical Pollution Assessment<#LINE#>S.@Arya,J.N.@Trivedi,K.D.@Vachhrajani<#LINE#>49-57<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-245.pdf<#LINE#> Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>22nd/11/2013<#LINE#>18/12/2013<#LINE#>Marine ecosystem is very complex in terms of biological and ecological structure and marine organisms are integral part of this structure. In the recent era marine ecosystem has become largest dumping site for effluents of industries and it is creating serious problems at ecosystem level. So the understanding of different direct and indirect sources of pollution and its   effect on marine organism population and ecosystem have got lot of ecological importance for conservation. Brachyuran crabs are highly diverse organisms comprising 700 genera and 5000 species. Crabs play important role in the maintenance of ecosystem and also in the marine food web demonstrating prey- predator relationship. The present study provides a protocol or framework to find out the effect of pollution on marine ecosystem using brachyuran crab as a bio indicator species. The present framework was divided into two different aspects viz ecological assessment and toxicological assessment and different methods have been suggested to assess the effect of pollution on brachyuran crabs for both aspects. To check the effectiveness of the framework, pilot study has been done and the results revealed that pollutants do affect different levels of ecosystem and the effect can be traced using brachyuran crab as a bioindicator species.  <#LINE#> @ @ Kasmin S., Enforcing Ship-Based Marine Pollution for Cleaner Sea in the Strait of Malacca, Environment Asia, 3, 61-65 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rainbow P. 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@Review Paper
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In recent past, research on this technology has limited on some instances like optimization of different substrate and parameters like temperature, pH, total solid concentration, retention time, etc.  A critical analysis reveals that few issues associated with the system used for biogas production at present, while various prospects lifted during the review gives an opportunity to enhance biogas production using advance techniques in future. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrate, incorporation of biological, chemical or inorganic additives and enzymes to the substrate were found as effective for increasing biogas production. Another interesting trend in this field is the development of potential microorganism for enhancing biogas production through gene manipulation. 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Wast., 21(2), 139-142 (1987) @No $ @ @ Patel V. and Madamwar D., Anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cheese whey, poultry waste and cattle dung: a study of the use of adsorbents to improve digester performance, Environ. Pollut., 86(3), 337–340 (1994) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Jain M.C. and Choonkar P.K., Stimulation of biogas production from cattle dung by addition of charcoal, Biol. Wastes., 20, 209–215 (1987) @No $ @ @ Gunaseelan V.N., Methane production from Parthenium hysterophorus L., a terrestrial weed, in semi-continuous fermenters, Biom. and Bioener. 6(5), 391–398 (1994) @No $ @ @ Tomas M., Josef P., Petra O. and Igor B., The using of enzymes for degradation of cellulose substrate for the production of biogas, 37th International Conference of SSCHE, May 24-28, Tatranske Matliare, Slovakia (2010) @No $ @ @ Okonko I.O., Olabode O.P. and Okelegi O.S., The role of biotechnology in the advancement and national development: An overview, Afr. J. of Biotechnol., 5(19), 2354-2366 (2006) @No $ @ @ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Biotechnology applications in food processing: Can developing countries benefit?, FAO Biotechnology Forum, 3 June (2004) @No $ @ @ Bertani G. and Baresi L., Genetic transformation in the methanogen Methanococcus voltae PS, J. of Bacteriol., 169(6), 2730-2738 (1987) @No $ @ @ Forsberg C.W., Crosby B. and Thomas D.Y., Potential for manipulation of the rumen fermentation through the use of recombinant DNA techniques, J. Anim. Sci., 63, 310-32 (1986) @No $ @ @ Dhanalakshmi S.V. and Ramanujam R.A., Biogas generation in a vegetable waste anaerobic digester: An analytical approach, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 41-47 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hutnan M., Drtil M., Derco J., Mrafkova L., Hornak M. and Mico S., Two-step pilot-scale anaerobic treatment of sugar beet pulp, Pol. J. of Environ. 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<#LINE#>Ecological Sustainability in India through the Ages<#LINE#>Rajeev@Sharma,Naveen@Aggarwal,Sandeep@Kumar<#LINE#>70-73<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-254.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, INDIA <#LINE#>12/12/2013<#LINE#>9/1/2013<#LINE#>The world is witnessing environmental upheaval the world over. There seems to be the total disconnect with the nature which gets manifested in the form of climate change, global warming and natural disasters. Although man himself is responsible for the same where he is trying to win over nature recklessly but, his own existence is under potent danger. Indian civilization, one of the oldest living civilizations, has staunchly believed in being in harmony with the nature. Our ancient literature is replete with instances where human sensitivity towards nature is glorified at its best. The Vedic, Jain, Buddhist, and Kautilya’s Arthshashtra established the principles of sustainability centuries ago. This research paper primarily focuses on those ecologically sustainable principles which the man seems to have forgotten today. If they are followed, the ecology will move sustainably and not only present, but future generations can also enjoy nature in its original vigor. <#LINE#> @ @ www.sustainability.com/ accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit accessed online on Saturday, 16 November (2013) @No $ @ @ http://www.iop.or.jp/1020/yamamoto_kuwahara.pdf accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ www.scribd.com/doc/24708420/Global-Sustainability-From-Vedas accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ Chowdhary Kamala, Earth Charter: Sacred India” in Earth Charter: A Progress Report, Steven C. Rockefeller and Mirian Vilela (editors), The Earth Charter, p147, 2005 http://www.earthcharterinaction.org/invent/images/ uploads/Earth%20Charter%2B5%20Progress%20Report%20%20August%202005%20(3).pdf retrieved on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar B.M., Forestry in Ancient India: Some Literary evidence, Asian Agri History, 12(4), 299-306 (2008) @No $ @ @ Prime R., Vedic Ecology: Practical wisdom for surviving the 21st century, Mandala Publishing Group, Novato, California, U.S.A., (2002) @No $ @ @ http://news.northwestdharma.org/Summer2010/SeattleBPFhostsDavidLoy.php accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ http://www.scribd.com/doc/35690475/Jainism-and-Sustainability-JCNC accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ Yamamoto S., Contribution of Buddhism to Environmental thoughts, The Journal of Oriental Studies, , 144–173 (1998) @No $ @ @ http://news.northwestdharma.org/Summer2010/BuddhismSustainabilityConference.php accessed online on Saturday, 16 November, (2013) @No $ @ @ Kangle R.P., Kautilyan Arthashastra, Part-II (English Translation), Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi (1986) @No
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Unsustainable Environment and Prevalence of Diseases in Urban Slums: A Case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan<#LINE#>Sajid@Noor,Fatima@Munazza,Sofia@Sehrish<#LINE#>74-82<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-244.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>21/11/2013<#LINE#>23rd/12/2013<#LINE#>There is a general consensus that poverty is a major cause of environment degradation. Based on the urban slums of Bahawalpur City, this article is a case study about the analysis of the relationship between various economic, social and environmental factors, and their impacts on the health of local population in the form of different diseases. Main objective of this study is the formulation of a sustainable approach by which environmental degraders of slums can be converted into environmental activists. This research is carried out on descriptive study design while primary data was collected from field survey. Firstly, this paper identifies web of interrelated factors which are responsible for the adverse environment of slums mainly due to low income status, high dependency rate, illiteracy, poor housing condition, lack of governance and environmental unawareness. Secondly, based upon the data analysis, this paper also addresses the major adverse impacts of these factors on the health of slums dwellers through the prevalence of diseases. Typhoid fever, diarrhea, influenza, malaria, cholera and hepatitis A and B are found to be the main health issues of these slums. Incidence of these diseases within different age and sex groups is also considered. Based upon these results, hypothesis is generated that environmental and socio economic conditions are the main reason of these diseases. Finally this study leads the authors to suggest some community based activities which will engage the local dwellers in changing the degraded environment to sustainable environment and hence minimize the health threats they are facing presently. <#LINE#> @ @ Park K., Preventive and Social Medicine, 20th ed., Jabalpur, India: Banarsidas Bhanot (2009) @No $ @ @ Schirnding V.Y., Health and sustainable development: can we rise to the challenge? The Lancet, 360(9333), 632-637 (2002) @No $ @ @ O'Neill M.S. et al., Poverty, environment, and health: the role of environmental epidemiology and environmental epidemiologists, Epidemiology, 18(6), 664 (2007) @No $ @ @ McMichael A.J., The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(9),1117-1126 (2000) @No $ @ @ Korthagen F.A.J., In search of the essence of a good teacher: Towards a more holistic approach in teacher education, Teaching and Teacher education, 20(1), 77-97 (2004) @No $ @ @ Smith K.R., Corvalán C.F. and Kjellstrom T., How much global ill health is attributable to environmental factors? Epidemiology, 10(5), 573-584 ( 1999) @No $ @ @ NIP, The National Institute of Population Studies Pakistan, Available from: http://www.nips.org.pk/. (2013) @No $ @ @ Survey P.E., 2009-2010;Available from http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/15_Environment.pdf. (2013) @No $ @ @ SDP, District Census Report of Bahawalpur 1999, Population Census Organization; Statistical Division Government, of Pakistan: Islamabad (1999) @No $ @ @ Pru ss-U stu n, A., Safer water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health, (2008) @No $ @ @ Chavis DM, W.A., Sense of community in the urban environment: a catalyst for participation and community development, American Journal of Community Psychology, (1990) @No $ @ @ Florin P., Mitchell R. and Stevenson J., Identifying training and technical assistance needs in community coalitions: a developmental approach, Health Education Research, , 417-417 (1993) @No $ @ @ Pacione M., Urban geography: a global perspective, Routledge (2009) @No $ @ @ Briggs D., Environmental Health Indicators:Framework and Methodologies, in Protection of the Human Environment Occupational and Environmental Health Series, Geneva (1999) @No $ @ @ Hare E. and Shaw G., A Study in Family Health:(I) Health in Relation to Family Size, The British Journal of Psychiatry,111(475), 461-466 (1965) @No $ @ @ Deepak, S. and N.U. 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<#LINE#>Study on the Phytoremediation Potential of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Spiked with Nutrients through Municipal Wastewater – A Case Study in Indian Context<#LINE#>Madhurina@Majumder,Bidisha@Mukherjee,Mriganka Shekhar@Mukhopadhyay,Sankar@Chakrabarti,Amitava@Gangopadhyay,Arunabha@Majumder<#LINE#>83-89<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJEvS-2013-255.pdf<#LINE#>Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India @ Department of Civil Engineering, NIT, Durgapur, INDIA @ Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, INDIA @ School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, INDIA<#LINE#>14/12/2013<#LINE#>31/12/2013<#LINE#>Phytoremediation being a low cost treatment system has been attempted to mitigate effluent from a specific pharmaceutical industry manufacturing sodium oxalate. The effluent being too high in organic content (COD91264 mg/l) is chemically treated first with calcium oxide (CaO), so that organics in the wastewater contributing high COD forms salts and precipitates out. The optimum dosing of calcium oxide is found to be 2g/100 ml of the raw sample. COD reduction through chemical treatment is found to be approximately 19.35%. The chemically treated effluent having COD value 73,600 mg/l is subjected to anaerobic biological treatment and the COD value comes down to 12800 mg/l after 29 days. The fact that the plant species simply die, if they come in touch with this raw wastewater sample signifying excessive toxic effect of the ingredients of the wastewater to the plant, necessitates dilution of the anaerobically treated effluent 40 and 80 times by mixing municipal wastewater with it in the ratio 1:39 and 1:79 respectively, These dilutions are selected after some trial experiments ensuring sustenance of the aquatic macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes) meant for phytoremediation study, which  has been conducted for 10 days. The plant sustains and grows in the test samples (both dilutions). The quantities of biomass at the beginning are 29.26g and 31.31g in 40 times and 80 times diluted test samples respectively and after 10 days the biomass have increased to 60.62g and 58.10 g respectively in the two dilutions. So it is examined that even in 40 times dilution (COD600 mg/l), the plant can survive and helps removal of organics (81.61%) after 10 days of phytoremediation, after which the plant starts decaying gradually. Hence this experiment cannot be continued beyond 10 days. The COD value still remains close to 100 mg/l, which needs further polishing before disposal. <#LINE#> @ @ Stan H.J. and Linkerhägner M., Identification of 2 (4-Chlorphenoxy) - 2-methyl-propionsäure in the groundwater by means of capillary gas chromatography with Atomemissionsdetektionund mass spectrometry [identification of 2 (4-chlorophenoxy) - 2-methyl-propionic acid in ground more water using capillary, Vom Wasser,79, 75- 88 (1992) @No $ @ @ Loffler D. et. al., Environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in water or sediment systems, Environ  Sci & Technol,39, 5209-5218 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kolpin DW et al, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, a national reconnaissance, Environ Sci Technol,  36, 1202 –1211 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ternes T.A., Et al Behaviour and Occurrence of Estrogens in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants—II, Aerobic Batch Experiments with Activated Sludge, Sci. Total Environ.,225, 91–99 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ternes T.A., Stumpf M., Mueller J., Haberer K., Wilken R.D., Servos M., Behavior and Occurrence of Estrogens in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants—I, Investigations in Germany, Canada and Brazil, Sci. Total Environ.,225, 81–90 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kuch H.M. and Ballschmitter K., Determination of endocrine- disrupting phenolic compounds and estrogens in surface and drinking water by HRGC-(NCI)-MS in the picograms per liter range, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35 (15), 3201-3206 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bendz D. et al, Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hörje River  in Sweden, Journal of Hazardous Materials,122, 195-204 (2005) @No