International Research Journal of Environment Sciences________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414Vol. 1(3), 52-54, October (2012) I. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 52 Short Communication Analysis of Dumpsite soil H in selected Dumpsites of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria Mohammed S.S. and Mohammed M.B. Department of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, NIGERIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 11th September 2012, revised 17 September 2012, accepted 26 September 2012Abstract The H either directly or indirectly affects several mechanisms of metal retention by soils. In this research work, the H values of the refuse waste soils of some dumpsite in Kaduna Metropolis were determined so as to assess the bioavailability, mobility and solubility of the metals in the soils. The H was measured using a microprocessor H meter model 210. The H values of the soil samples from Kurmin Mashi (KM) and Narayi (NY) were acidic and that from Tudun wada (TW) was alkaline and a significant difference was indicated in the P values across the three locations. From the Duncan multiple range test, it was established that the soil from Tudun Wada (TW) dumpsite has the highest H, followed by Narayi (NY) and Kurmin Mashi (KM). Keywords:H analysis, dumpsite soil, bioavailability, Kaduna metropolis Introduction In a developing country like Nigeria where the emission and disposal of all sorts of waste into the environment is not monitored, the contribution of heavy metals pollutants to the environment by anthropogenic sources is overwhelming, hence, repeated evaluation of the pollution status of the environment especially the soil is imperative. Many soils especially those in hazardous waste sites are contaminated with heavy metal e.g. lead, copper, chromium and cadmium. The free metal ion concentration not only depends on the total metal content in soils, but also on the pH of the soil. On the basis of pH measurement it is possible to divide analysed samples into the following groups: acid and sub-acid soils, neutral soils and alkaline soils. Acid soils belong to the sandy soils, neutral to sandy loamy soils and alkaline one to the loamy soils. Acid soils are prone to increased leaching of important components and decreased assimilation of such macro elements as P, K and Mg by plants. Plants growing on alkaline soils can have trouble with assimilation of Fe, Cu and Mn. The effect of acidifying of soils is visible in decreasing their saturation with exchangeable cations and successive loss of Ca and Mg and simultaneous activation of toxic compounds of Al, Mn Fe and accumulation of heavy metals like Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn by plants. The pH of the system is a very important parameter, directly influencing sorption/desorption, precipitation/dissolution, complex formation and oxidation reduction reactions. In general, maximum retention of anionic metals occurs at pH �7 and maximum retention of anionic metals occurs at pH7. Cationic metal mobility has been observed to increase with increasing pH due to the formation of metal complexes with dissolved organic matter. In the research work, the pH measurements of soil samples from the dumpsites were made with microprocessor pH meter model 210 and all weightings were done on Mettler Toledo PB203 weighing balance. All the analyses were carried out in the Analytical Laboratory of the Department of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria. Material and Methods Preparation of samples: The research covered three dumpsites locations in Kaduna, Nigeria. The locations are: Kurmin Mashi (KM), Narayi (NY) and Tudun Wada (TW). These dumpsites are surrounded by residential, commercial and industrial neighbourhoods. Due to rapid urban development the locations are presently within developed locality of the metropolis. The samples were collected between September – October, 2011, from the different locations enumerated at a depth of about 10cm below the surface5 (figure-1). pH Determination: The samples were crushed, sieved and dried 85C. A quantity (20g) of dried sample was weighed into a 50cm beaker and 20cm of distilled was added. The mixture was allowed to stand for 30minutes with occasional shirring using a glass rod. The electrode of the calibrated pH meter was inserted into the partly settled suspension and the pH value was read from the meter. All the analyses were carried out in the Analytical Laboratory of the Department of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna-Nigeria. International Research Journal of Environment Vol. 1(3), 52-54, October (2012) International Science Congress Association Map of Kaduna Metropolis showing sa Results and Discussions The pH values of the dumpsite samples vary from one location to another and the results were treated statistically ( Analysis of pH in the dumpsites soils: dumpsites in Kurmin Mashi (KM) and Narayi (NY) appeared acidic, while that from Tudun Wada (TW) was alkaline. This could be attributed to the various anthropogenic activities around the sampling locations7-12Table-1 ANOVA for Soil H by Locations Sources of variation Sum of Squares df Mean Square Location 20.282 2 10.141 Error 0.300 6 0.050 Total 20.582 8 Environment Sciences_______________ _________________________ International Science Congress Association Figure-1 Map of Kaduna Metropolis showing sa mpling locations The pH values of the dumpsite samples vary from one location to another and the results were treated statistically ( table 1-3). Analysis of pH in the dumpsites soils: The pH of the Kurmin Mashi (KM) and Narayi (NY) appeared acidic, while that from Tudun Wada (TW) was alkaline. This could be attributed to the various anthropogenic activities by Locations F Sig. 202.822 0.000 Table- 2 Duncan Test for Soil P Locations N 1 Kurmin Mashi 3 5.1333 Narayi 3 5.2333 Tudun Wada 3 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed Table- 3 Descriptive Statistics for Soil Locations N Kurmin Mashi 3 Narayi 3 Tudun Wada 3 Total 9 The bioavailability of metals from soils decreased with increasing pH value13-15. _________________________ _____ ISSN 2319–1414 I. Res. J. Environment Sci. 53 2 P H by Locations Subsets 2 5.1333 5.2333 8.3667 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed 3 Soil H by Locations Mean SD 5.13 0.153 5.23 0.153 8.37 0.321 6.24 1.604 bioavailability of metals from soils decreased with International Research Journal of Environment Sciences_____________________________________________ ISSN 2319–1414Vol. 1(3), 52-54, October (2012) I. Res. J. Environment Sci. International Science Congress Association 54 The ANOVA (0.0000.05) in table1 indicated that there is a significant difference in the soil pH across the three locations. The real differences of soil pH was further analyzed by a post-hoc test using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (table-2), where means of homogenous subgroups were clearly displayed. Moreover, the mean plots clearly depicted the mean values of the soil pH across the various locations. From the Duncan Multiple Range tests, it is established that dumpsites from Tudun Wada has the highest pH, followed by Narayi and Kurmin Mashi as depicted in table-2 and figure-2. Figure-2 Mean plot of the soil pH in the dumpsites ConclusionThe pH of the soil dumpsites from KM and NY were found to be acidic while that from TW was alkaline as a result of the anthropogenic activities around the sampling locations. The ANOVA (P=0.0000.05) indicated a significant difference in the soil pH across the three dumpsites while the Duncan Multiple range tests indicated that dumpsite from TW had the highest pH followed by NY and KM. Acknowledgement Authors acknowledge the assistance of Kaduna Polytechnic for providing the facilities for the analysis. References1.Uba S., Uzairu A., Harrison G.F.S, Balarabe M.L. and Okunola O. J., Assessment of heavy metals bioavailability in dumpsites of Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(2) 122-130 (2008)2.Temminghoff, E.J.M., S.E.A.T.M and F.A.M. 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