@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Physico-Chemical, Bacteriological and Pesticide analysis of Tap Water in Millennium City Gurgoan, (Haryana), India <#LINE#> Nishtha@Koul,R.S.@Lokhande,J.K.@Dhar<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-031.pdf<#LINE#>, Dept. of Chemistry, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur Rajasthan, INDIA @ Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, IIIM, Jammu, INDIA<#LINE#>27/8/2012<#LINE#>18/9/2012<#LINE#> Although water is a renewable source, but because of excessive exploitation and contamination, access to safe drinking water has become a major problem for humans. Sewage and industrial wastes are being directly poured into water bodies. These wastes may range from chemicals, organic wastes, nitrates, plastics, metals etc. Biodegradable components of these wastes can result in the spread of many dangerous water borne diseases. The objective of this study was to determine physico-chemical characteristics, bacterial contamination and pesticides in tap water samples collected from various selected sites of Gurgoan city. Tap water samples were assessed for physico-chemical parameters like : pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, fluoride (F), nitrate (NO–3) and sulfate (SO–2). The water samples were also analyzed for the presence of fecal bacteria namely: Escherichia coli (E.coli), Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and total coliform bacteria present in tap water. Pesticides namely : Chlorobenzilate, Hexachloro-benzene, Benzenether, pp-DDT, op-DDT, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, alpha-HCH, Beta-HCH, Lindane, Vinclozolin, Conumaphos, Malathion, Phosalone, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Fenvalerate,  Fluvalinate, Cyhalothrin, Carbofurn, Propoxeur, Carbaryl, Cymiazol, Amitraz, Bromprophylate, Chinomethionate were also detected.  <#LINE#> @ @ Adewoya B.L., and Oludura A.O., Efficiency of Morigna Oleifera Seeds Extract on Microflora of Surface and Ground Water, Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 453-438 (2007) @No $ @ @ Skeat W.O., Manual of British Water Engineering practice; Water Quality and Treatment, The Institution of Water Engineers, London, England (1969) @No $ @ @ Asaulo S.S., Adeyinowa C.E., Ipinmoriti K.O. and Olaofe O., Assessment of Physico-chemical Status of Water Samples from Major Dams in Ekiti Status, Nigeria, Pak. J. Nutri.,6(6), 657-659 (2007) @No $ @ @ Course Manual for Chemists and Bacteriologist of PHED Laboratories under National Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme, Public Health Department, West Bengal (2010) @No $ @ @ WHO (World Health Organization). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Vol. 2 Recommendations, 2 Edn. Geneva (1996) @No $ @ @ WHO (World Health Organization). Hardness in Drinking Water : Background document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, WHO/HSE/WSH/10.01/10/Rev. 1 (2011) @No $ @ @ EPA, Environmental Protection Agency and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention : Health Effects from Exposure to High Levels of Sulfate in Drinking Water Study (2010) @No $ @ @ Basic Information in Nitrates in Drinking Water : Basic information about Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants, US-EPA-Environment Protection Agency (2012) @No $ @ @ US-EPA, Basic Information about Fluoride in Drinking Water, United States Environmental Protection Agency (2010) @No $ @ @ Walsh J.A., Estimating the Burden of Illness in the Tropics, In: Warrner, K.S., Mahoud, A.A.F., (Editors), Tropical and Geographical Medicines, 2nd Edn. New York, Mc-Graw Hill (1990) @No $ @ @ The International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and use of Pesticides Formulated and Implemented by FAO, Control of Water Pollution from Agriculture (1990) @No 
<#LINE#>Decolorization of Reactive Violet – 2RL dye by Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Fumigatus from Textile Sludge<#LINE#>MariyaDorthy C.@Agnes  ,Rajeshwari@Sivaraj,R@Venckatesh<#LINE#>8-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, School of Life sciences, Karpagam University, Eachanari, Coimbatore-641021, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @  Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Udumalpet-642126, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>10/8/2012<#LINE#>22nd/8/2012<#LINE#> Fungi have the ability to degrade a diverse range of pollutants and are attracting wide-spread use in bioremediation. Successful application of decolorization of textile dyes to treat high concentration of industrial effluents will be a mile stone owing to advanced treatment processes. This research paper is aimed to elucidate the decolorization of commercial reactive dye by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus under static batch experiments. Degradation of Reactive violet – 2RL dye is characterized by HPLC analysis. The enhanced decolorization by Aspergillus flavus was attributed to the highest percentage of decolorization of 89.13% in 20 ppm. <#LINE#> @ @ Campos R., Kandelbauer A., Robra K.H., Artur C.P. and Gubitz G.M., Indigo degradation with purified laccases from Trameteshirsuta and sclerotimrolfsii, J. Biotechnol., , 131-139 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fang H., Wenrong H. and Yuezhong L., Biodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of azo dye 4BS by a microbial consortium, Chemosphere, 57, 293–301 (2004) @No $ @ @ Asad S., Amoozegar M.A., Pourbabaee A.A., Sarbolouki M.N. and Dastgheib S. M.M., Decolorization of textile azo dyes by newly isolated halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, Bioresource Technol., 98, 2082–2088 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hao O.J., Kim H. and Chiang P.C., Decolorization of wastewater, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci.,30, 449-505 (2000) @No $ @ @ Fu Y. and Viraraghavan Y., Removal of Congo red from an aqueous solution by fungus Aspergillus niger, Adv. Environ. Res.,, 239-247 (2004) @No $ @ @ Maier J., Kandelbauer A., Erlacher A., Cavaco-Paulo A. and Gubitz M.G., A new alkali-thermostable azoreductase from Bacillus sp. strain SF, Appl. and Environmental Microbiology,70, 837–844 (2004) @No $ @ @ Verma P. and Madamwar D., Decolorization of synthetic dyes by a newly isolated strain of Serratia marcescens, World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 19, 615–618 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gogate P.R and Pandit A.B., A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment II: hybrid methods, Advan. Environ. Res., , 553-597 (2004) @No $ @ @ Reddy C.A., The potential for white rot fungi in the treatment of pollutants, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 6, 320-328 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez E., Pickard M.A. and Vazquez-Duhalt R., Industrial dye decolourization by laccases from ligninolytic fungi, Curr. Microbiol., 38, 27-32 (1999) @No $ @ @ Torres E., Bustos-JaimeS I. and Le Borgne S., Potential use of oxidative enzymes for detoxification of organic pollutants, Appl. Catal. B-Environ., 46, 1-15 (2003) @No $ @ @ Machado K.M.G., Matheus D.R., Monteiro R.T.R. and Bononi V.L.R., Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by tropical basidiomycetes in soils contaminated with industrial residues, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21, 297-301 (2005) @No $ @ @ Shah V. and Nerud F., Lignin degrading system of white-rot fungi and its exploitation for dye decolorization. Review, Canadian J. Microbiol., 48, 857-870 (2002) @No $ @ @ Wesenberg D., Kyriakides I. and Agathos S.N., White rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents, Biotechnol. Adv., 22, 161-187 (2003) @No 
<#LINE#>Assessment of Quality of Drinking Water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Mushini Venkata Subba @ Rao,Rao @ Vaddi Dhilleswara,Anand Bethapudi Samuel,Andrews<#LINE#>13-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-022.pdf<#LINE#>2 Department of Chemistry, G M R Institute of Technology, Rajam- 532 127, AP, INDIA @ Department of Engineering Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, AP, INDIA <#LINE#>13/8/2012<#LINE#>21
/1/<#LINE#>  Water plays an important role in domestic and industrial usage. The quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Assessment of water quality of drinking water supplies has always been paramount in the field of environmental quality management. Assurance of drinking water safety is a foundation for the prevention and control of water borne diseases. The suitability of drinking water has many requisite potable conditions. Groundwater quality of Srikurmam has a special significance and needs greater attention of all concerned since it is the only major source for domestic consumption.  In this work we have estimated the ground water quality for drinking purpose at Srikurmam in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The various parameters for quality of underground water in Srikurmam are analyzed and these are compared to established standards. The obtained results indicate that the quality of water slightly deviate from the potable conditions. The analysis showed that water is not well within the parameters of potable use. <#LINE#> @ @ Venkatesan J., Protecting wetlands, Curr. Sci.,93, 288–290 (2007) @No $ @ @ Prasad K., Institutional Framework for Regulating Use of Ground Water in India, Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of  India(2008) http://cgwb.gov.in/INCGW/Kamta%20Prasad%20report.pdf, Accessed 28  September (2011) @No $ @ @ Carolyn Fry., The Impact of Climate Change: The World‘Greatest challenge in the Twenty-first Century, New Holland Publishers Ltd (2008) @No $ @ @ Henniker J.C., The Depth of the Surface Zone of a liquid, Rev. Mod. Phys., 21(2), 322-341 (1949) @No $ @ @ Gerald Pollack. Water Science. University of Washington, Pollack Laboratory @No $ @ @  World Health Organization (WHO), Guidelines for drinking water quality, Geneva WHO(2008) @No $ @ @ Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eurola A.O., Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells Of Ilaro And Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Westren Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(9), 1-5 (2011) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav V. M. and Dewangan S.,Assessment of Water Quality Status in Reference to Statistical Parameters in Different Aquifiers of Balco Industrial area, Korba, C.G. India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(9), 67-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Matini L., Tathy C. and Moutou J. M., Seasonal  Ground Water quality variation in Brazzaville, Congo, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 7-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kulshreshtha S.N., A global outlook for water resources to the year 2025, Water Resour. Manag., 12 (3), 167-184 (1998) @No $ @ @ Baroni L.,  Cenci L.,  Tettamant M. and Berate M., Evaluating the environmental of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems,  Eur.J.Clin.Nutr.,61(2), 279-286 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gunjan Bhalla.,  Aravind Kumar. And Ajay Bansal., Asian journal of water, Environment and pollution., 8(1), 41 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Vishwakarma R., Dixit S. and Jain Praveen., Evaluation of Water Quality of Narmada River with reference to physico-chemical Parameters at Hoshangabad city, M.P, India, Res. J. chem..Sci.,1(3) 40-48(2011) @No $ @ @ Iwuoha G.N. and Osuji L. C., Changes in surface water physico-chemical parameters following the dredging of Otamiri and Nworie Rivers, Imo state of Nigeria, Res. J.Chem. Sci., 2(3), 7-11(2012) @No $ @ @ Jeffery G.H., Bassett J., Mendham J. and Denney R.C., Vogel’s text book of quantitative chemical analysis, Pearson education (Singapore) Pvt .Ltd, 5th Edition, Revised  (1989) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S.and Raut P.D., Impact of physic chemical characteristics of shivaji university lakes on phytoplankton communities. Kolhapur, India, Res.J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Metcalf and Eddy  revised by Tchobanoglous G., Burten F.L. and David S.H., Metcalf and Eddy Waste water engineering treatment and reuse, 4th Edition., Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi.Inc (2003) @No
<#LINE#>Study of Ichthyofaunal Biodiversity of Turkaulia Lake, East-Champaran, Bihar, India<#LINE#>Niraj@Kumar<#LINE#>21-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-024.pdf<#LINE#> Post-Graduate Dept. of Zoology, MS College, Motihari, BRA Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, INDIA<#LINE#>16/8/2012<#LINE#>26/1/<#LINE#> The present study on ichthyofaunal biodiversity of an ox-bow lake i.e. Turkaulia lake of East Champaran was carried out from June 2011 to July 2012, for a period of one year. Fishes are very important from the biodiversity point of view. Therefore, during the present investigation, fishes were collected and identified. The aim of this study was to reveal the faunastic diversity of fish species in this lake. The various fishes collected from this lake are found to be very common in respect of other lentic and lotic water bodies of Champaran-belt and are represented by 9 orders, 18 families, 27 genera and 40 species. The family Cyprinidae was observed as the most abundant of all, consisting 14 species. Although, 40 species were recorded, genus puntius was the dominant, followed by carps and cat fishes.<#LINE#> @ @ Lakra, W.S. and Sarkar, U.K., Conservation and management of aquatic genetic resources of India. 22nd All India Congress of Zoology, CIFE, Mumbai, 28-36 (2009) @No $ @ @ National Wetland Atlas: Bihar, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmadabad (2010) @No $ @ @ Kumar Niraj and Singh N.P., Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of Turkaulia Lake, a natural ox-bow lake of East-Champaran in relation to growth of zooplankton and fish culture. 20th All India Congress of Zoology, CIFE, Mumbai, 140 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hora S.L. and Nair, K.K., Fishes of Satpura range, Hoshangabad District, Central Provience, Res. Indian Mus., 43(3), 361-373 (1941) @No $ @ @ Balapure S., Comparative study of fish biodiversity in Narmada and Tapti river. Dissertation Report, Department of Limnology, Bhopal University, Bhopal (2001) @No $ @ @ Jayram K.C., The freshwater fishes of India, Pakistan, Burma and Srilanka. Handbook of Zoological Survey of India, , XII+475 (1991) @No $ @ @ Jayram K.C., The freshwater fishes of the Indian region, Narendra Publishing House, Delhi (1999) @No $ @ @ Mishra K.S., An aid to the identification of the common commercial fishes of India and Pakistan, Res. Indian Mus. 57 (1-4), 320 (1962) @No $ @ @ Barbhuiya Anjam Hussain, Mahseer fishes of River Barak, Jatinga, Dholeswari and Ganol in North East India, Rec. J. Recent. Sci. 1(ISC 2011), 7-16 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao L.M., Hydrobiology and ichthyofauna of Mahendrigeda Stream, Visakhapatnam (AP), J. Aqua. Biol.13(1and2), 25-28 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hamilton F., An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable and Co. London, 1-39 (1822) @No $ @ @ Day F., The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Fishes, (1889) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava G., Fishes of U.P. and Bihar. 7th Edition, Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan, Varanasi, India (1998) @No $ @ @ Jhingran V.G., Fish and fisheries of India. 3rd Edition, Hindustan Publication House, New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ Tamboli R.K. and Jha Y.N., Status of cat fish diversity of river Kelo and Mand in Raigarh District, CG, India, ISCA J. Biol. Sci.1(1), 71-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhalerao S.N., Study of fish diversity and water quality at Kasar Sai Dam, Hinjewadi, Pune MS, India, I. Res. J. Biol. Sci.1(4), 51-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarma D., Das J., Bhattacharya R.C. and Dutta A., Ichthyofaunal diversity of lower reaches of the Brahamaputra River, Assam, Int. J. Applied Biol. Pharmaceutical Technology, 3(2), 126-130 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kumar P., Sonaullah, F. and Wanganeo A., A preliminary limnological study on Shershah Suri Pond, Sasaram, Bihar, Asian J. Exp. Sci.24(2), 219-226 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan A.M., Shakir H.A., Khan M.N. and Mirza M.R., Ichthyofaunal survey of some freshwater reservoirs in Punjab, J. Anim. Pl. Sci,18(4), 151-154 (2008) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi, P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Res. J. Recent Sci,1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S and Raut Prakash D., Impact of physico-chemical characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on phytoplankton communities, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Seyed Ahmad Reza Hashemi, Gholamreza Eskandary and Hoshang Ansary, Biomass of fish species in the Shadegan wetland, Iran, Res. J. Recent. Sci. 1(1), 66-68 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Flood Resilience through Climate-change adaptation: A case of Gorakhpur, Eastern Uttar Pradesh in India<#LINE#>Richa@Arya,Anil K.@ Gupta ,Mohammad@Yunus<#LINE#>25-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-025.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>10/8/2012<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, UP, INDIA @ National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi, INDIA <#LINE#> Two third of the disasters the South Asia experiences are climate related and there has been phenomenal increase in their frequency, severity and unpredictability in the recent years. Vulnerabilities are aggravating from stresses on water availability, agriculture and environment. It has been well recognized that developing countries are rather prone to disasters than the developed countries because developed countries have well planed strategies to coping up with disasters. But in recent years the developing countries have also taken initiative to study disaster management vis-a- vis climate change adaptation which seems best way to mitigate the flood problem. In this paper we discussed about the adaptation strategy to mitigate the flood risk.   <#LINE#> @ @  Shakya B., Ranjit R., Shakya A., Bajracharya S. and Khadka N., Estimation of extreme flood over Balkhu River using NOAA-based satellite rainfall and HEC-HMS hydrological model, and assessment of flood education of people living near the flood risk zone of Balkhu River. International Symposium on Geo-hazard, Infrastructure Management and Protection of World Heritage Sites, Kathmandu, Nepal, (2006) @No $ @ @  Dhar O.N. and Nandargi S., Hydro-meteorological Aspects of Flood in India, Natural Hazards, 1-33 (2003) @No $ @ @  Gupta A.K. and Nair S.S., Risk to resilience strategic tools for disaster risk management proceeding of the International workshop (2009) @No $ @ @  Apte N.Y., Role of India Meteorology Department in Managing Hydro-meteorological Disasters Proceeding of the International workshop Risk to Resilience (2009) @No $ @ @  Holling C.S., Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic 4, 1-24 (1973) @No $ @ @  Folke C., Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses, Global Environmental Change, 253–267(2006) @No $ @ @  Gallopin, G.C., Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity, Global Environmental Change 16, 293–303 (2006) @No $ @ @  Kaiser G., Reese S., Sterr H. and Markau H.J., COMRISK –Common Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Storm Floods in Coastal Lowlands. Subproject 3: Public Perception of Coastal (2004) @No $ @ @  Krywkow J., Filatova T. and van der Veen A., Flood risk perceptions in the Dutch province of Zeeland: does the public still support current policies? In: Samuels, P., Huntington, S., Allsop, W., Harrop, J. (Eds.), Flood Risk Management: Research and Practice, CRC Press/Balkema Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Science, Taylor and Francis Group, London, 1513–1521(2008) @No $ @ @  Cutter S.L., Burton C.G., and Emrich C., Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 7(1), 1–22 (2010) @No $ @ @  Shaw R., Climate Disaster Resilience: Focus on Coastal Urban Cities in Asia, Technical Report. International Environment and Disaster Management (IEDM) Laboratory, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University (2009) @No $ @ @  Wajih, S., Singh B.K., Tripathi, S., Bartarya, E., Srivastava, A., Singh, A.K., Goyal, S.: Vulnerability Analysis of Gorakhpur, under the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) process, and sponsored by the Rockefeller foundation, Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group, Gorakhpur (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Farmers' Awareness on Climate Change Related Issues at some Irrigable Areas of Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>M.@Sugirtharan,T.@Venuthasan<#LINE#>29-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-027.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA <#LINE#> 22nd/8/2012<#LINE#>3rd/9/2012<#LINE#>  The research was conducted at ten irrigation command area of Batticaloa district during the period from January 2011 to May 2011 to assess the socio-economic condition of farmers, awareness on recent change in extreme climatic events such as flood, increasing trend of rainfall and existing adaptation methods against those events. The primary and secondary data were collected among 300 farmers through questionnaire survey, key informant discussion and direct observations. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the data analysis using SPSS software and MS Excel. The results show that, 70% and 61% of the farmers are aware about the changing pattern and the increasing trend of flood and drought respectively.  As far as the adaptation is concerned, 43% of the farmers are adapting  new agronomic practices in paddy cultivation such as reuse of drainage water, increase the number of ploughing, shifting the cultivation period and use of tolerant crop variety.  It is concluded that the awareness on recent climate change impacts on productivity among the people residing in the study area is inadequate and the agronomical adaptation percentage of the farmers were less compare to the increased trend of climate change. Therefore, conducting awareness programme by the respective authority will create some awareness on climate change and adaptation techniques among those people.<#LINE#> @ @ IPCC, Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R. K; Reisinger, A. (eds.). Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, 104 (2007) @No $ @ @ Eriyagama N., Smakhtin V., Chandrapala L. and Fernando K., Impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability Mapping: International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-56 (2010) @No $ @ @ Joshi Indira Sudhir and Tadiparti Mary Christiana., Linkage between Cyclonic storms, Geomagnetic storms, Sunspot numbers and Climate Change: Short Communication. Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(2), 100-103 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hiremath Deepa B. and Shiyani R.L. Adapting Gujarat to Climatic Vulnerabilities: The Road Ahead, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(5), 38-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Herath A.U.K., Dharmakeerthi L.K.S.U., Country Paper: Sri Lanka  Regional Workshop on Strategic Assessment for climate Change Adaptation in Natural resource management  Colombo, Sri Lanka, (2010) @No $ @ @ Johnston R.M., Hoanh C.T., Lacombe G., Noble A.N., Smakhtin V., Suhardiman D., Kam S.P. and Choo P.S., Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change, Colombo Sri Lanka, 26, 207 (2010) @No $ @ @ Punyawardena, B.V.R., Impacts of climate change on agriculture in Sri Lanka and possible response strategies: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation, National Conference on Climate Change 2007. Centre for Climate Change Studies, Sri Lanka, (2010) @No $ @ @ IPCC, Climate Change, Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Summary for Policymakers, Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) @No $ @ @ Bandara M.A.C.S., De Silva R.P and Dayawansa N.D.K., Household Water Security through Stored Rainwater and Consumer Acceptability: A Case Study of the Anuradhapura District National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, 230 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Rare Earth Elements in Soil on Spoil Heap of an Abandoned Lead Ore Treatment Plant in the District of Mfouati, Congo-brazzaville<#LINE#>L.@Matini,J.G.@Ossebi,R.@MBedi,J.M.@Moutou<#LINE#>33-40<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-036.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Exact Sciences, ENS, University Marien Ngouabi, P.O. Box 69, BRAZZAVILLE-CONGO,@ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Marien Ngouabi, P.O. Box 69, BRAZZAVILLE-CONGO <#LINE#> 04/9/2012 <#LINE#>13/9/2012<#LINE#>  The aim of this study was to assess the vertical migration of rare earth elements (REE) in a soil profile. Rare earth elements, reference elements (Ti, Fe, Mn and Al) and soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, sulphate and granulometry) of a soil profile on spoil heap were measured in 54 soil samples divided into five composite samples at different depths: 15-45 cm, 45-75 cm, 75-105 cm, 105-135 cm and 135-150 cm. The first 15 cm of the top layer contained an accumulation of ore were not sampled. Low rare earth elements (LREE) and high rare earth elements (HREE) contents in the soil profile decreased from 91.74 to 14.06 mg/kg and 9.01 to 4.05 mg/kg, respectively. High positive correlations were observed between REE fractionation and organic matter, sulfate and the reference elements in the studied soil profile. A high soil acidity promotes the REE fractionation. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns in the soil profile were characterized by LREE enrichment and negative anomalies of cerium and terbium, which are mainly controlled by complexing with sulphate and organic matter, adsorption on Fe/Mn oxyhydroxydes and clay minerals. <#LINE#> @ @ Cao X., Chen Y., Wang X., Deng X., Effects of redox potential and pH value on the release of rare earth elements from soil, Chemosphere, 44, 655-661 (2001) @No $ @ @ McLennan S.M., Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of the provenance and sedimentary process, In: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements, 21, 160-200 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dupré B., Gaillardet J., Rousseau D. and Allegre C., Major and trace elements of river-borne material: the Congo Basin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 60, 1301-1321 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gaillardet J., Viers J. and Dupré B., Elements in rivers waters. In Treatise on Geochemistry. Ed. E. D. Holland, Turekian, K. K. Elsevier-Pergamon, 5, 225-263 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ramesh R., Eamanathan AL., Ramesh S., Purvaja R. and Subramanian V., Distribution of rare earth elements and heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Himalaya river system, Geochem. J., 34, 295-319 (2000) @No $ @ @ Vijayakumar R., Arokiaraj A. and Prasath M.D.P., Micronutrients and their relationship with soil properties of natural disaster proned coastal soils, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1), 8-12 (2011) @No $ @ @ Iorfa A.C., Ntonzi N.T., Ukwang E.E., Ibe K.A. and Neji P., A study of the distribution pattern of heavy metals in surface soils around Arufu Pb-Zn mine, northeastern Nigeria, using factor analysis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 70-80 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ohta A. and Kawabe I., REE (III) adsorption onto Mn dioxide and Fe oxyhydroxide: Ce(III) oxidation by Mn dioxide, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 695-703 (2001) @No $ @ @ Janssen R.P.T. and Verweij W., Geochemistry of some rare earth elements in groundwater, Vierlingsbeck, The Netherlands, Wat. Res., 37, 1320-1350 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shan X.Q, Lian J. and Wen B., Effect of organic acids on adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements, Chemosphere, 47, 701-710 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pourret O., Davranche M., Gruau G. and Dia A., Experimental rare earth elements complexation with humic acid, Chem. Geol., 243, 128-141 (2007) @No $ @ @ Johannesson K.H., Lyons W.B., Stetzenbach K.J. and Byrne R.H., The solubility control of rare earth elements in natural terrestrial waters and the significance of PO3- and CO2- in limiting dissolved rare earth concentrations: a review of recent information, Aquat. Geochem, 1, 157-173 (1995) @No $ @ @ Laveuf C., Cornu S., and Juillot F., Rare earth elements as tracers of pedogenetic  processes, CR Geosciences, 340(8),523-532 (2009) @No $ @ @ Coppin F., Berger G., Bauer A., Castel S. and Loubet M., Sorption of lanthanides on smectite and kaolinite, Chemical Geology, 182(1), 57-68 (2002) @No $ @ @ Matini L., Moutou J.M., Ongoka P.R. and Tathy J.P., Clay mineralogy and vertical distribution of lead, zinc and copper in a soil profile in the vicinity of an abandoned treatment plant, Res. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 3(2), 114-123 (2011) @No $ @ @ Compton J.S., White R.A. and Smith M., Rare earth element behavior in soils and salt span sediments of a semi-arid granitic terrain in the Western Cape, South Africa, Chemical Geology, 201, 239-255 (2003) @No $ @ @ Taylor S.R. and Mc Lennan S.M., The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, 312 (1985) @No $ @ @ Wakita H., Rey P. and Schmitt R.A., Abundances of the 14 rare-earth elements and 12 other trace elements in Apollo 12 samples: Five igneous and one breccia rocks and four soils, Proceedings of the Lunar Science Conference,  2,1319 (1971) @No $ @ @ Braun J., Pagel M., Muller J., Bilong P., Michard A. and Guillet B.,  1990. Cerium anomalies in lateric profiles, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 781-795 (1990) @No $ @ @ Holser W.T., Evaluation of the application of rare earth elements to paleoceanography, Paleo, 132, 309-323 (1997) @No $ @ @ Brookin D.G., Eh-pH diagram for geochemistry, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 176 (1988) @No $ @ @ Jin-Long Ma, Gang-Jian Wei, Yi-Gang Xu, Wen-Guo Long and Wei-Dong Sun, Mobilization and re-distribution of major and trace elements during extreme weathering of basalt in Hainan Island, South China, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71, 3223- 3237 (2007) @No $ @ @ Li F.L., Shan X.Q., Zhang T.H. and Zhang S.Z., Evaluation of plant availability of rare earth elements in soils by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis, Environ. 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Sci. Technol., 37, 75-80 (2003) @No $ @ @ Prudêncio M.I., Sequeira Braga M.A.S. and Gouveia M.A., REE mobilization, fractionation and precipitation during weathering of basalts, Chem. Geol., 107, 251-254 (1993) @No $ @ @ Yang S.Y., Jung H.S., Choi M.S. and Li X., The rare earth composition of the changjiang (Yangtze) and Huanghe (Yellow) river sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 159(1-4), 381-389 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Dye Industrial Effluent on Physicochemical Characteristics of Kshipra River, Ujjain City, India <#LINE#>Thoker Farook @ Ahmed,Sushil@Manderia,Krishna @ Manderia<#LINE#>41-45<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-041.pdf<#LINE#>  SS in Environment Management, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, INDIA @ Department of Botany, PMB Gujarati Science College, Indore, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>13rd/8/2012<#LINE#>14/8/2012<#LINE#>  The wastewater has greatest potential for polluting the receiving water. River Kshipra is one of the sacred Indian rivers is being polluted by effluents discharged from Bhairavgarh dye industries. The most common textile processing unit consists of desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing and dyeing process. The present study was an attempt for assessment of water quality being polluted by effluents. Selected parameters include pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, total hardness and chloride content. These were monitored in the untreated effluent and receiving watershed (River Kshipra) following standard protocol. High levels were observed in COD (73-345 mg/l), pH (7.6-9), TS (2100-6050 mg/l), TDS (1990-5820 mg/l), DO (0-8 mg/l), total hardness (321-880 mg/l), which exceeds the standard levels of BIS and world health organization (WHO). The study revealed that there was an adverse impact on physicochemical characteristics of river Kshipra as a result of directly discharge of untreated effluents from Bhairavgarh dye industries. This poses a health risk to several rural communities which rely on the receiving water bodies primarily as their source of domestic water. <#LINE#> @ @ Ahlawat K. and Kumar A., Analysis of Industrial effluents and its comparison with other effluents from residential and commercial areas in Solan H.P. Journal ofTheoretical and Applied Sciences, 1(2), 42-46 (2009) @No $ @ @ Suteu D., Zaharia C., Bibla D., Muresan A., Muresan R. and Popescu A., Decolourization wastewater from the textile industry- physical methods, chemical methods, Industria Textila, 5, 254-263 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zaharia C., Suteu C. and Muresan A., Options and solutions of textile effluent Decolorization using some specific physico-chemical treatment steps, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Management ICEEM’ 06, 121-122, Balaton Lake, Hungary, September 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bertea A. and Bertea A.P., Decolourization and recycling of textile wastewater (in Romanian), Performantica Ed,  lasi, Romania, (2008) @No $ @ @ Bisschops I.A.E and Spanjers H., Literature review on textile wastewater characterization, Environmental Technology, 24, 1399-1411 (2003) @No $ @ @ Correia V.M., Stephenson, T. and Judd S.J., Characterization of textile wastewater- a review,  Environmental Technology,15, 917-929 (1994) @No $ @ @ Orhon D., Babuna F.G. and Insel G., Characterization and modeling of denim-processing wastewater for activated sludge, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 76, 919-931 (2001) @No $ @ @ APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, 20th edn. DC, New York (1998) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D., Work book of Limnolog, Pratibha publication  Sagar M.P. India, 1-213 (1985) @No $ @ @ Peirce J.J., Weiner R.F. and Vesilind P.A., Environmental Pollution and Control, Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, MA, 4th Edition USA, 373-74 (1997) @No $ @ @ DFID, A Simple Methodology for Water Quality Monitoring. G.R. Chaudhry and S. Ghulum (Eds), Department for International development Wallingford (1999) @No $ @ @ Rao P.V., Textbook of environmental engineering. Eastern Economy Ed., Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi,  280-288 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lokhande R.S., Singare P.U. and Pimple D.S., Study of physico-chemical Parameters of waste water Effluents from Taloja Industrial Area of Mumbai, India, International Journal of Ecosystem, 1(1), 1-9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kumar B.S., Bisht V.D., Joshi A.K. Singh and Talwar A., Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Study of Water from Rivers of Uttarakand, J. Hum. Ecol. 32(3), 169-173 (2010) @No $ @ @ Morrison G., Fatoki O.S., Persson L. and Ekberg A.,Assessment of the impact of point source pollution from the Keiskammahoek Sewage Treatment Plant on the Keiskamma River-pH, electrical conductivity, Oxygen demanding substance (COD) and nutrients, Water SA. 27(4), 475-480 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ogunfowokan A.O., Okoh E.K., Adenuga A.A. and Asubiojo O.I., Assessment of the impact of point source pollution from a university sewage treatment oxidation pond on the receiving stream-a preliminary study, J. App. Sci., 6(1), 36-43 (2005) @No $ @ @ Igbinosa E.O. and Okoh A.I., Impact of discharge wastewater effluents on the physico-chemical qualities of a receiving watershed in a typical rural community, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech.,6(2), 175-182 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia N.K. and Tiwari R.K., Effect of industrial effluent and wastes on physicochemical parameters of river Rapti. Pelagia Research Library, Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(5), 207-211 (2011) @No $ @ @ Islam M.M., Mahmud K., Faruk O. and Billah M.S., Textile dyeing industries in Bangladesh for sustainable development, Int. J. of Environ Sci. and Develop (IJESD,2(6), 428-436 (2011) @No $ @ @ WHO. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Geneva, (1999) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>PHA - Production Application and its Bioremediation in Environment<#LINE#>Yogesh@Chaudhari,Bhavana@Pathak,M.H.@Fulekar<#LINE#>46-52<#LINE#>9.ISCA-JEvsS-2012-009.pdf<#LINE#>  School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, INDIA  <#LINE#>14/7/2012<#LINE#>18/7/2012<#LINE#> The research article covers the occurrence of and biosynthesis of PHA’s. Various PHA production methods are discussed, PHA production by recombinant bacteria, transgenic plants and the application viz. industrial application, agriculture application have been highlighted. Biodegradation of PHA compounds in the environment has also been listed. The paper will be beneficial to readers to understand PHA production, application and their degradation in the environment.   The research article covers the occurrence of and biosynthesis of PHA’s. Various PHA production methods are discussed, PHA production by recombinant bacteria, transgenic plants and the application viz. industrial application, agriculture application have been highlighted. Biodegradation of PHA compounds in the environment has also been listed. The paper will be beneficial to readers to understand PHA production, application and their degradation in the environment. <#LINE#> @ @ C.S.K. Reddy, R. Ghai, Rashmi and V.C. Kalia Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview Bioresource Technology 87, 137–146 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wing-Hin Lee , Ching-Yee Loo , Christopher T. Nomura and Kumar Sudesh, Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from mixtures of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate precursors Bioresource Technology 99,6844–6851 (2008) @No $ @ @ G.F. Wu , Q.Y. Wu  and Z.Y. Shen Accumulation of poly-b-hydroxybutyrate in cyanobacteriumSynechocystis sp. PCC6803 Bioresource Technology 76, 85±90 (2001) @No $ @ @ Arun , R. Arthi , V. Shanmugabalaji and M. Eyini Microbial production of poly-b-hydroxybutyrate by marine microbes isolated from various marine environmentsBioresource Technology 100, 2320–2323 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chen Hong, Huang Hao and Wu Haiyun Process optimization for PHA production by activated sludge using response surface methodology  biomass and energy 33, 7 2 1 – 7 2 7 (2009) @No $ @ @ CaiMengmeng, Chua Hong , Zhao Qingliang , Sin Ngai Shirley and RenJie Optimal production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in activated sludge fed by volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generated from alkaline excess sludge fermentation Bioresource Technology 100 1399–1405 (2009) @No $ @ @ ParthaChakravarty ,VasantMhaisalkar and Tapan Chakrabarti Study on poly-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in pilot scale continuous mode wastewater treatment systemBioresource Technology 101 2896–2899 (2010) @No $ @ @ Fang Fang , Xian-Wei Liu , Juan Xu , Han-Qing Yu and Yong-Mei Li  Formation of aerobic granules and their PHB production at various substrate and ammonium concentrationsBioresource Technology 100 59–63 (2009) @No $ @ @ VeselaVeleva and Michael Ellenbecker Indicators of sustainable production: framework and methodology  Journal of Cleaner Production 9 519–549 (2001) @No $ @ @ Dhawal P. Tamboli , Anuradha N. Kagalkar b, Mital U. Jadhav , Jyoti P. Jadhav and Sanjay P. Govindwar Production of polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid by using waste biomass of Sphingobacterium sp. ATM generated after degradation of textile dye Direct Red 5BBioresource Technology 101 2421–2427 (2010) @No $ @ @ M. Koller, P. Hesse, . Salerno, .Reiterer, and G. Brauneggviable antibiotic strategy against microbial contamination in biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from surplus wheybiomass and energy 35 7 4 8 -7 5 3 (2011) @No $ @ @ G. Unmar and R. Mohee Assessing the effect of biodegradable and degradable plastics on the composting of green wastes and compost qualityBioresource Technology 99 6738–6744 (2008) @No $ @ @ Leda R. Castilho David , Mitchell b and Denise M.G. Freire Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from waste materials and by-products by submerged and solid-state fermentation Bioresource Technology 100 5996–6009 (2009) @No $ @ @ Y.J. Wang , F.L. Hua , Y.F. Tsang , S.Y. Chan , S.N. Sin , H. Chua , P. H.F. Yu and N.Q. Ren Synthesis of PHAs from waster under various C:N ratios Bioresource Technology 98 1690–1693 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zachary T. Dobroth ,Shengjun Hub, Erik R. Coats , Armando and G. McDonald Polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis on biodiesel wastewater using mixed microbial consortiaBioresource Technology 102 3352–3359 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rex. Montgomery Development of biobased productsBioresource Technology 91 1–29 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rui Li, Hanxing Zhang and Qingsheng Qi The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in recombinantEscherichia coli Bioresource Technology 98 2313–2320 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abdul Masani Mat Yunus, GhulamKadir Ahmad Parveezand Chai-Ling HoTransgenic Plants Producing PolyhydroxyalkanoatesAsia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vol. 16 (1), 1-10 (2008) Fulai Wang and Sang Yup Lee Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) by Fed-Batch Culture of Filamentation-Suppressed Recombinant Escherichia coli Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 0099-2240/97/04.0010, P. 4765–4769 (1997) @No $ @ @ M. Suresh Kumar , S.N. Mudliar , K.M.K. Reddy and T. Chakrabarti Production of biodegradable plastics from activated sludge generated from a food processing industrial wastewater treatment plant Bioresource Technology 95 327–330 (2004) @No $ @ @ K. Nakasaki , A. Ohtaki, and H. Takano Biodegradable plastic reduces ammonia emission during composting Polymer Degradation and Stability 70 185-188 (2000) @No $ @ @ E.M. Salmoral, M.E. Gonzalez , and M.P. Mariscal Biodegradable plastic made from bean products Industrial Crops and Products 11 217–225 (2000) @No $ @ @ X. RenBiodegradable plastics: a solution or a challenge?Journal of Cleaner Production 11 27–40 (2003) @No $ @ @ Samuel Lee, Jian Yu Production of biodegradable thermoplastics from municipal sludge by a two-stage bioprocess Resources, Conservation and Recycling 19 151- 164 (1997) @No $ @ @ Anshuman A. Khardenavis, M. Suresh Kumar, Sandeep N. Mudliar and TapanChakrabarti Biotechnological conversion of agro-industrial wastewaters into biodegradable plastic, poly b-hydroxybutyrateBioresource Technology 98 3579–3584 (2007) @No $ @ @ M. Suresh Kumar ,S.N. Mudliar , K.M.K. Reddy and T. Chakrabarti Production of biodegradable plastics from activated sludge generated from a food processing industrial wastewater treatment plantBioresource Technology 95 327–330 (2004) @No $ @ @ M. Kolybaba, L.G. Tabil , S. Panigrahi, W.J. Crerar, T. Powell and B. Wang Biodegradable Polymers: Past, Present, and Future plant Bioresource Technology 95 327–330 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ojumu, T.V., Yu, J. and Solomon and B.O. Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a bacterial biodegradable polymer  African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 3 (1), pp. 18-24, (2004) @No $ @ @ TabassumMumtaz , Noor AmalinaYahaya , SurainiAbd-Aziz , Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman , Phang Lai Yee , Yoshihito Shirai and Mohd Ali Hassan , Turning waste to wealth-biodegradable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates from palm oil mill effluent e a Malaysian perspectiveJournal of Cleaner Production 18 1393-1402 (2010) @No $ @ @ S. Godbole , S. Gote , M. Latkar and T. ChakrabartiPreparation and characterization of biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate–starch blend films Bioresource Technology 86 33–37 (2003) @No $ @ @ R. Mohee , G.D. Unmar , A. Mudhoo and P. Khadoo Biodegradability of biodegradable/degradable plastic materials under aerobic and anaerobic conditions Waste Management 28 1624–1629 (2008) @No $ @ @ ThanawadeeLeejarkpai ,UnchaleeSuwanmanee , and Yosita Rudeekit, Thumrongrut Mungcharoen Biodegradable kinetics of plastics under controlled composting conditions Waste Management 31 1153–1161 (2011) @No $ @ @ MunevverSokmena, IlknurTatldil , Chris Breen, Francis Clegg, CelalKurtulusBuruk, Tu
gbaSivlim, S enay Akkan A new nano-TiO2 immobilized biodegradable polymer with self-cleaning PropertiesJournal of Hazardous Materials 187 199–205 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aamer Ali Shah, FarihaHasan, Abdul Hameed and SafiaAhmed  Isolation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) degrading bacteria and purification of PHBV depolymerase from newly isolated Bacillus sp. AF3 International Biodeterioration& Biodegradation 60 109–115 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sang Yup Lee and Jong-ilChoi  Production and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates in waste Environment Waste Management 19 133-139 (1999) @No $ @ @ Arun a, R. Arthi , V. Shanmugabalaji and M. EyiniMicrobial production of poly-b-hydroxybutyrate by marine microbes isolated from various marine environments Bioresource Technology 100 2320–2323 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fernando Morgan-Sagastume Anton Karlsson , Peter Johansson , Steven Pratt , Nico Boon , Paul Lant and Alan WerkerProduction of polyhydroxyalkanoates in open, mixed culturesfrom a waste sludge stream containing high levels of solubleorganics, nitrogen and phosphoruswater research 44 5196-5211 (2010) @No $ @ @ Qinxue Wen, Zhiqiang Chen, Ting Tian and Wei ChenEffects of phosphorus and nitrogen limitation on PHA production in activated sludge Journal of Environmental Sciences 22(10) 1602–1607 (2010) @No $ @ @ ParthaChakravarty, VasantMhaisalkar and Tapan Chakrabarti Study on poly-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in pilot scale continuous mode wastewater treatment system Bioresource Technology 101 2896–2899 (2010) @No $ @ @  Fang Fang , Xian-Wei Liu , Juan Xu , Han-Qing Yu and Yong-Mei Li  Formation of aerobic granules and their PHB production at various substrate and ammonium concentrationsBioresource Technology 100  59–63 (2009) @No $ @ @ Aamer Ali Shah, FarihaHasan, and Abdul HameedDegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3 hydroxyvalerate) by a newly isolated Actinomadura sp. AF-555, from soil InternationalBiodeterioration& Biodegradation 64 281-285 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nathalie Lucas , Christophe Bienaime , Christian Belloy , MichèleQueneudec , Françoise Silvestre and José-Edmundo Nava-Saucedo bio Polymer biodegradation: Mechanisms and estimation techniques Chemosphere 73, 429–442 (2008) @No $ @ @ Korner and K. Redemann, R. Stegmann Behaviour of biodegradable plastics in composting facilities Waste Management 25 409–415 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rex Montgomery Development of biobased productsBioresource Technology 91, 1–29 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rui Li, Hanxing Zhang, and QingshengQi The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in recombinantEscherichia coliBioresource Technology 98,  2313–2320 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fulai Wang and Sang Yup Lee  Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) by Fed-Batch Culture of  Filamentation-Suppressed Recombinant Escherichia coli Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 409–415  @No $ @ @ S. Philip, T. Keshavarz and I. Roy Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymers with a range of applications Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 82,233–247(2007) @No  
@Mini Review Paper
<#LINE#>Performance of Horizontal Roughing Filters for Wastewater: A review<#LINE#> V.B.@Patil, G.S.@Kulkarni,V.S.@Kore  <#LINE#> 53-55<#LINE#> 10.ISCA-IRJEvsS-2012-030.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental science and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>24/8/2012<#LINE#>7/9/2012<#LINE#> Horizontal roughing filter (HRF) technology is a low cost treatment technology based on physical process to treat wastewater by removing contaminant like COD, BOD, turbidity and suspended solids for a wide range of applications in domestic as well as industrial applications. This article describes different component of horizontal roughing filter including design parameter. This paper intends to provide an overall vision of Horizontal roughing filter technology as an alternative method for treating wastewater in different Industrial applications. The present review focus on existing types of roughing filter, mechanisms of particle removal and applicability of HRF system for treating wastewater <#LINE#> @ @ Onyeka Nkwonta and George Ochieng, Roughing filter for water pre-treatment technology in developing countries: A review, International Journal of Physical Sciences,4(9),455-463 (2010) @No $ @ @ Wegelin M., Surface water treatment by roughing filters. A design, construction and Operation manual, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG) and Department Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC), (1996) @No $ @ @ Dastanaie J., Use of horizontal roughing filtration in drinking water treatment, Int. J. Sci. Technol,4(3), 379-382 (2007) @No $ @ @ Boller M., Filter mechanisms in roughing filters, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. Aqua, 42(3), 174-85 (1993) @No $ @ @ Clarke B.A., Lloyd B.J., Crompton J.L. and Major I.P., Cleaning of up flow gravel prefilters in Multi-stage filtration water treatment plants, in Advances in Slow Sand and Alternative Biological Filtration, ed (1996) @No $ @ @ Collins M.R., Westersmund C.M., Cole J.O. and Roccaro J.V., Evaluation of roughing filtration design variables, American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association (1994) @No $ @ @ Dome S., How to estimate and design the filter run duration of a horizontal flow roughing filter, Thammasat, Int. J. Sci. Technol,5(2), (2000) @No $ @ @ Mahvi A.H., Performance of a DHRF system in treatment of highly turbid water, Iranian J. Environ, Health Sci. Eng.,1(1), 1-4 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mukhopadhay B. and Majumder M., Verification of filter efficiency of horizontal roughing filter by wegelin design criteria and artificial neural Network, Copernius publication (2008) @No $ @ @ Ochieng G.M. and Otieno F.A.O., Performance of different filter media against conventional water treatment system, Watersa,30(2004) @No $ @ @ Ochieng G.M. and Otieno F.A.O., Verification of wegelin design criteria for horizontal flow roughing filters with alternative filter materials, Watersa,32(2006) @No $ @ @ Pacini V., Removal of iron and manganese using biological roughing up flow filtration technology, Water Res, 399, 4463-4475 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rooklidge S.J. and Ketchum K.L., Calcite amended horizontal roughing filtration for clay turbidity removal, J. Water Supply Res. Technol,5(6), 333-342, (2002) @No $ @ @ Metcalf and eddy, Wastewater Engineering (2003) @No