International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

The Benefits faced by Aphids due to their Endosymbionts

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 5, Issue (5), Pages 85-90, May,10 (2016)

Abstract

Aphids enter a symbiotic relationship with bacteria which holds influence on their ecological characteristics. Although widespread in nature, investigation on their symbiotic relationship is yet to go on full-fledged. Both the obligate and facultative endosymbionts affect the life history traits of the aphids. I discuss the beneficial effects that the endosymbionts provide to their hosts and point out the questions based on which research can proceed further with respect to aphid- bacteria interactions. I finally conclude with some questions on this aspect and by pointing out the avenues which we can work on to develop a deepened insight of the evolutionary ecological traits.

References

  1. Tsuchida Tsutomu, Ryuichi Koga, Mitsuyo Horikawa, Tetsuto Tsunoda, Takashi Maoka, Shogo Matsumoto, Jean-Christophe Simon and Takema Fukatsu. (2010)., Symbiotic bacterium modifies aphid body color., Science, 330(6007), 1102-1104.
  2. Dunbar H.E., Wilson A.C., Ferguson N.R. and Moran N.A. (2007)., Aphid thermal tolerance is governed by a point mutation in bacterial symbionts., PLoS Biol, 5(5), e96.
  3. Burke G., Fiehn O. and Moran N. (2010)., Effects of facultative symbionts and heat stress on the metabolome of pea aphids., The ISME journal, 4(2), 242-252.
  4. Russell J.A. and Moran N.A. (2006)., Costs and benefits of symbiont infection in aphids: variation among symbionts and across temperatures., Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 273(1586), 603-610.
  5. Nicholson Scott J., Michael L. Nickerson, Michael Dean, Yan Song, Peter R. Hoyt, Hwanseok Rhee, Changhoon Kim and Gary J. Puterka. (2015)., The genome of Diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains., BMC genomics, 16(1), 1.
  6. Funk D.J., Wernegreen J.J. and Moran N.A. (2001)., Intraspecific variation in symbiont genomes: bottlenecks and the aphid-Buchnera association., Genetics, 157(2), 477-489.
  7. Moran N.A., and Degnan P.H. (2006)., Functional genomics of Buchnera and the ecology of aphid hosts., Molecular Ecology, 15(5), 1251-1261.
  8. Wilson A.C., Ashton P.D., Calevro F., Charles H., Colella S., Febvay G., Jander G., Kushlan P.F., Macdonald S.J., Schwartz J.F. and Thomas G.H. (2010)., Genomic insight into the amino acid relations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, with its symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola., Insect Molecular Biology, 19(s2), 249-258.
  9. Price D.R., Feng H., Baker J.D., Bavan S., Luetje C.W. and Wilson A.C. (2014)., Aphid amino acid transporter regulates glutamine supply to intracellular bacterial symbionts., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(1), 320-325.
  10. Rouhbakhsh D., Lai C.Y., von Dohlen C.D., Clark M.A., Baumann L., Baumann P., Moran N.A. and Voegtlin D.J. (1996)., The tryptophan biosynthetic pathway of aphid endosymbionts (Buchnera): genetics and evolution of plasmid-associated anthranilate synthase (trpEG) within the Aphididae., Journal of Molecular Evolution, 42(4), 414-421.
  11. Burke G.R., McLaughlin H.J., Simon J.C. and Moran N.A. (2010)., Dynamics of a recurrent Buchnera mutation that affects thermal tolerance of pea aphid hosts., Genetics, 186(1), 367-372.
  12. Oliver K.M., Russell J.A., Moran N.A. and Hunter M.S. (2003)., Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(4), 1803-1807.
  13. Vorburger C., Gehrer L. and Rodriguez P. (2009)., A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids., Biology Letters, rsbl20090642.
  14. Guay J.F., Boudreault S., Michaud D. and Cloutier C. (2009)., Impact of environmental stress on aphid clonal resistance to parasitoids: role of Hamiltonella defensa bacterial symbiosis in association with a new facultative symbiont of the pea aphid., Journal of Insect Physiology, 55(10), 919-926.
  15. Oliver K.M., Degnan P.H., Hunter M.S. and Moran N.A. (2009)., Bacteriophages encode factors required for protection in a symbiotic mutualism., Science, 325(5943), 992-994.
  16. Oliver K.M., Degnan P.H., Burke G.R. and Moran N.A. (2010)., Facultative symbionts in aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits., Annual review of entomology, 55, 247-266.
  17. Ali S. (2015)., Exploring the interactions of bacterial secondary symbionts (BSS) in wheat aphids,, Sitobion avenae F. with parasitoids (Doctoral dissertation, Göttingen, Georg-August Universität, Diss.
  18. Scarborough C.L., Ferrari J. and Godfray H.C.J. (2005)., Aphid protected from pathogen by endosymbiont., Science, 310(5755), 1781-1781.
  19. Łukasik P., Guo H., Asch M., Ferrari J. and Godfray H.C.J. (2013)., Protection against a fungal pathogen conferred by the aphid facultative endosymbionts Rickettsia and Spiroplasma is expressed in multiple host genotypes and species and is not influenced by co‐infection with another symbiont., Journal of evolutionary biology, 26(12), 2654-2661.
  20. Parker B.J., Spragg C.J., Altincicek B. and Gerardo N.M. (2013)., Symbiont-mediated protection against fungal pathogens in pea aphids: a role for pathogen specificity?, Applied and environmental microbiology, 79(7), 2455-2458.
  21. Tsuchida T., Koga R., Horikawa M., Tsunoda T., Maoka T., Matsumoto S., Simon J.C. and Fukatsu T. (2010)., Symbiotic bacterium modifies aphid body color., Science, 330(6007), 1102-1104.
  22. Simon Jean-Christophe, Sébastien Boutin, Tsutomu Tsuchida, Ryuichi Koga, Jean-François Le Gallic, Adrien Frantz, Yannick Outreman and Takema Fukatsu. (2011)., Facultative symbiont infections affect aphid reproduction., PLoS One, 6(7), e21831.
  23. Tsuchida T., Koga R. and Fukatsu T. (2004)., Host plant specialization governed by facultative symbiont., Science, 303(5666), 1989-1989.
  24. Ferrari J., Scarborough C.L. and Godfray H.C.J. (2007)., Genetic variation in the effect of a facultative symbiont on host-plant use by pea aphids., Oecologia, 153(2), 323-329.
  25. Douglas A.E., Francois C.L.M.J. and Minto L.B. (2006)., Facultative ‘secondary’bacterial symbionts and the nutrition of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum., Physiological Entomology, 31(3), 262-269.
  26. Francis F., Guillonneau F., Leprince P., De Pauw E., Haubruge E., Jia L. and Goggin F.L. (2010)., Tritrophic interactions among Macrosiphum euphorbiae aphids, their host plants and endosymbionts: investigation by a proteomic approach., Journal of Insect Physiology, 56(6), 575-585.
  27. Russell J.A., Weldon S., Smith A.H., Kim K.L., Hu Y., Łukasik P., Doll S., Anastopoulos I., Novin M. and Oliver K.M. (2013)., Uncovering symbiont‐driven genetic diversity across North American pea aphids., Molecular Ecology, 22(7), 2045-2059.
  28. Hansen A.K., Vorburger C. and Moran N.A. (2012)., Genomic basis of endosymbiont-conferred protection against an insect parasitoid., Genome research, 22(1), 106-114.
  29. Jiang Z., Jones D.H., Khuri S., Tsinoremas N.F., Wyss T., Jander G. and Wilson A.C. (2013)., Comparative analysis of genome sequences from four strains of the Buchnera aphidicola Mp endosymbion of the green peach aphid,, Myzus persicae. BMC genomics, 14(1), 1.
  30. Cayetano L. and Vorburger C. (2013)., Genotype‐by‐genotype specificity remains robust to average temperature variation in an aphid/endosymbiont/parasitoid system., Journal of evolutionary biology, 26(7), 1603-1610.
  31. Komaki K. and Ishikawa H. (2000)., Genomic copy number of intracellular bacterial symbionts of aphids varies in response to developmental stage and morph of their host., Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 30(3), 253-258.
  32. Oliver K.M., Moran N.A. and Hunter M.S. (2006)., Costs and benefits of a superinfection of facultative symbionts in aphids., Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 273(1591), 1273-1280.
  33. Wulff J.A., Buckman K.A., Wu K., Heimpel G.E. and White J.A. (2013)., The endosymbiont Arsenophonus is widespread in soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, but does not provide protection from parasitoids or a fungal pathogen., PloS one, 8(4), e62145.
  34. Jones R.T., Bressan A., Greenwell A.M. and Fierer N. (2011)., Bacterial communities of two parthenogenetic aphid species cocolonizing two host plants across the Hawaiian Islands., Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(23), 8345-8349.
  35. Vandermoten S., Harmel N., Mazzucchelli G., De Pauw E., Haubruge E., and Francis F. (2014)., Comparative analyses of salivary proteins from three aphid species., Insect Molecular Biology, 23(1), 67-77.
  36. Herbeck J.T., Funk D.J., Degnan P.H. and Wernegreen J.J. (2003)., A conservative test of genetic drift in the endosymbiotic bacterium Buchnera: slightly deleterious mutations in the chaperonin groEL., Genetics, 165(4), 1651-1660.