International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Phytotoxic Effects of Cadmium on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of (Brassica juncea L.Czern Coss) cv.

    ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 4, Issue (5), Pages 80-86, May,10 (2015)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd2+) is extremely toxic heavy metal which adversely affects the growth and yield of plants. Therefore, study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various Cd2+ concentrations (0.5mM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM and 2mM) on seed germination and seedling growth of twenty Brassica juncea Cultivars. Various parameters tested in present study includes root and shoot length, seedling size, fresh and dry matter, seed germination percentage, tolerance indices and percent phytotoxicity. Results indicate that the significant inhibitory effect was observed at all the four concentrations of Cd2+ as compared to control. As the Cd2+ concentration increases, all the tested parameters except Tolerance Indices decrease. Present study also reveals that Cultivar RB-50 may show better performance under Cd+2stresses while Cultivar RH-0406 might have poor performance. From these results it can concluded that Cultivar RB-50 might germinate well on Cd2+ contaminated soils, however more studies are needed to signify its effects on growth and yield of Brassica juncea.

References

  1. Yadav S.K., Heavy metals toxicity in plants: an overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants, South Afric J Bot., 76, 167–179 (2010)
  2. Deshveer C.L. and Singh A., Effectiveness of agro-chemicals on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), Indian J. Agric. Sci., 73, 345-6 (2003)
  3. Foy C.D., Chaney R.L. and White M.C., The physiology of metal toxicity in plants, Annual Review of Plant Physiology., 29, 511-66 (1978)
  4. Sheoran I., Gupta V.K.., Laura J.S., and Singh R., Photosynthetic carbon fixation, translocation and metabolic levels in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) leaves exposed to excess cadmium, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 29, 857-61 (1991)
  5. Wagner G.J., Accumulation of cadmium in crop plants and its consequences to human Health, Adv Agric., 51, 173–212 (1993)
  6. Yang X.E., Long X.X., Ye H.B., He Z.L., Calvert D.V. and Stoffella P.J., Cadmium tolerance and hyperaccumulation in a new Zn hyperaccumulating palnt species (Sedum alfredii hance), Plant Soil., 259, 181-189 (2004)
  7. Gill S.S., Khan N.A., Anjum N.A. and Tuteja N., Amelioration of cadmium stress in crop plants bynutrients management: Morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects, Special Issues: PlantStress.,, 1–2 (2011)
  8. DalCorso G., Farinati S. and Furini A., Regulatory networks of cadmium stress in plants, Plant Signal Behav., , 663-667 ( 2010)
  9. Lux A., Martinka M., Vaculík M. and White P.J., Root responses to cadmium in the Rhizosphere, Review, J Exp Bot., 62, 21–37 (2011)
  10. Wang C., Sun Q. and Wang L., Cadmium toxicity and phytochelatins production in a rooted submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis exposed to low concentrations of cadmium, Environ Toxico.l, 24, 271–278 (2009)
  11. Márquez-García B., Horemans N., Cuypers A., Guisez Y. and Córdob F., Antioxidants in Erica andevalensis, Acomparative study between wild plants and cadmium-exposed plants Under controlled conditions, PlanPhysiol Biochem., 49, 110–115 (2011)
  12. Iqbal M.Z. and Rahmati., Tolerance of Albizia lebbeck to Cu and Fe application, Ekologia (CSFR)., 11, 427-430 (1992)
  13. Chou C.H. and H.J. Lin., Autointoxication mechanism of mechanism of Oriza sativa L.Phytotoxic effects of decomposing rice residues in soil, J. Chem. Ecol., 353-367 (1976)
  14. Sharma A.M., Sainger S., Dwivedi S., Srivastava R.D., Tripathi. and Singh R.P., Genotype variation in Brassica juncea L. Czern. Cultivars and growth, nitrate assimilation, antioxidants response and phytoremediation potentialduring cadmium stress, J.Environ.Biol., 31, 773-780 (2010)
  15. Seyed Amir Moosavi1, Mohammad Hossain Gharineh1, Reza Tavakkol Afshari. and Amin Ebrahimi., Effects of Some Heavy Metals on Seed Germination Characteristics of Canola (Barassica napus), Wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious) to Evaluate Phytoremediation Potential of These Crops, Journal of Agricultural Science., 9 (2012)
  16. Breckle S.W. and Kahle H., Effect of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Ph) on growth and mineral nutrition of beech Fagus sylvatica L.), Vegetation., 101, 43-53 (1992)
  17. Padmaja K., Prasad D.D.K. and Prasad A.R.K., Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in Phaseolus vulgarisSeedlingsby cadmium acetate, Photosynthetica., 24, 399-405 (1990)
  18. Kumar N., Bauddha K., Singh R., Anand K., Barman S.C. and Singh D.P., Phytotoxicity of trace metals (Cuand Cd) to gram (Cicer arientinum) and Mung Phaseolus mungo), J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth., 59-65 (2009)