International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Larvicidal Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against the Dengue vector Aedes aegypti Mosquito

    , , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University, Osmeña Boulevard, Cebu City, PHILIPPINES Misamis Occidental National High School, Oroquieta City, PHILIPPINES

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 3, Issue (4), Pages 23-32, April,10 (2014)

Abstract

The larvicidal effects of leaf and stem/bark extracts of Jatropha curcas, Citrus grandis and Tinospora rumphii were tested on the larvae of the dengue-vector, Aedes aegypti. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was conducted to determine the active toxic compounds. Various concentrations (20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL and 60 mg/mL) of the plant extracts were tested against third instar larvae of A. aegypti. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids in the leaf and bark extracts of Jatropha curcas while the leaf and bark/stem extracts of Citrus grandis and Tinospora rumphii are rich in alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and steroids. These compounds are known to possess insecticidal and larvicidal properties causing the mortality of insects and other pests. All plant extracts showed significant larvicidal activity against A. aegypti mosquito larvae at 0.05 level of significance. Tinospora rumphii leaf extract is the most effective mosquito larvicide which is manifested by the highest percentage mortality on the larvae of 90% and 93% after 24 and 48 hours respectively; with an LC50 and LC90 values of 10 mg/mL and 46 mg/mL respectively after 48 hours of exposure. Citrus grandis bark and Tinospora rumphii stem extracts showed a significant difference on the increased of the mortality of mosquito larvae with increasing concentrations of the plant extracts at 0.05 level of significance. The high larvicidal activity of Tinospora rumphii leaf is supported by the abundance of phytochemicals which show synergestic effects in terms of larvicidal action to mosquito larvae. The larvicidal activities of the three plants differ according to the plant species and part used which is supported by the presence of several bioactive chemicals.

References

  1. Kovendan K. and Murugan K., Effective of Medicinal Plants on the Mosquito Vectors from the Different Agroclimatic Regions of Tamil Nadu, India, Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(2), 335-344 (2011)
  2. Cheng S.S., Chang H.T., Chang S.T., Tsai K.H., Chen W.J., Bioactivity of Selected Plant Essential Oils Against the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedesaegypti larvae, Bioresource Technol, 89, 99–102 (2003)
  3. Ravikumar S., Ali M., Beula J., Mosquito larvicidal efficacy of seaweed extracts against dengue vector of Aedes aegypti, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 143-146 (2011)
  4. Hahn C.S., French O.G., Foley P., Martin E.N. and Taylor R.P., Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies Mediate Binding of Dengue Virus to Erythrocytes in a Monkey Model of Passive Viremia, Journal of Immunology, 66(2), 1057-1065 (2001)
  5. Department of Health, Philippines,http://www.doh.gov.ph/top/node/6036 (2013)
  6. Invest J.F. and Lucas J.R., Pyroproxyfen as a Mosquito Larvicide, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests(2008)
  7. Tiwary M., Naik S.N., Tewary D.K., Mittal P.K. and Yadav S., Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oil of Zanthoxylumarmatum DC (Rutaceae) Against three Mosquito Vectors, J. Vector BorneDis.,44, 198-204 (2007)
  8. Mathivanan T., Govindarajan K., Elumalai K. and Ananthan A., Mosquito Larvicidal and Phytochemical Properties of Ervantaniacoronaria Stap f. (Family Apocynaceae), J. Vector Borne Dis, 44, 178-180 (2000)
  9. Hedlin P.A., Holingworth R.M., Masler E.P., Miyamoto J., Thopson D.G., Phytochemicals for Pests Control, American Chemical Society, 372 (1997)
  10. Arnason J., Philogene B. and Morand P., Insecticides of Plant Origin, American Chemical Society Journal, 387, 213 (1989)
  11. Das NG, Goswami D, RabhaB. Preliminary Evaluation of Mosquito Larvicidal Efficacy of Plant Extracts, J. Vect. Borne Dis.44, 145-148 (2007)
  12. Harborne J., Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1998)
  13. World Health Organization Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicides, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq (2005)
  14. Howard, AFB, Zhou, G, and Omlin, FX. Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western Kenya: preliminary findings of a controlled study, BMC Public Health, , 199-204 (2007)
  15. Azmathullah, N.Md., Asrar Sheriff, M., & Sultan Mohideen, A.K., Phytochemical Screening of Calotropisprocera Flower Extracts and Their Bio-Control Potential on Culex sp. Mosquito Larvae and Pupae, InternationalJ. of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 2(6), 1718-1721 (2011)
  16. Hegde, C. R., Madhuri, M., Nishita, S., Arijit, D., Sourav, B., Rohit, K., Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2) 32-37 (2012)
  17. Srinivas, P., Samatha, T., Valya, G., Ragan, A.,1 and Swamy, N., Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract of Wrightia tomentosa, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(3), 23-27 (2013)
  18. Nweze, E. I., Okafor, J. I. &Njoku, O., Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Trema guineensus (Schunm and Thorn) Morindalucida (Benth) used in Nigeria, Bio-research, (1), 39-46 (2004)
  19. Akinyemi K. O., Mendie, V. E, Smith S. T., Oyefolu, A. O. & Coker, A. O., Screening of Some Medicinal Plants Used in Southwest Nigerian Traditional Medicine for Anti-Salmonella typhi activity Journal of Herbal Pharmacoth, 5 (1), 45-60 (2005)
  20. Chaieb, I., Saponins as insecticides: A Review. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection,, 39-50 (2010)
  21. Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Geetha K., Larvicidal activity of saponin from Achyranthes aspera against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus(Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res, 103(1), 223-229 (2008)
  22. Kotkar H.M., Mendki P. S., Sadan S. V. G , Jha, S. R., Upasani, S. M. and Maheshwari, V. L., Antimicrobial and pesticidal activity of partially purified flavonoids of Annona squamosa,Pest Manag. Sci., 58, 33-37 (2002)
  23. of botanicals for Anopheles gambiae, Int J Trop Insect Sci.,24, 311–318 (2004)
  24. Rajkumar S. and Jebanesan A., Larvicidal and oviposition activity of Cassia obtusifolia Linn (Family: Leguminosae) Leaf Extract Against Malarial Vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), Parasitol Res., 104(2), 337- 340 (2009)
  25. Rawani A, Haldar KM, Ghosh A, Chandra G., Larvicidal Activities of Three Plants Against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), Parasitol Res, 105,1411 1417(2009)
  26. Roopa, S. and Wadje, S., In-vivo Testing of Plant Extracts against Seed borne Pathogens, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(6), 1-4 (2012)
  27. Padhi, M. and Mahapatra, S. Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Leaf extracts of Mimusops elengi, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(7)46-49 (2013)
  28. Nakade, B1., Mahesh S. Kadam, S., Patil, K.,3 and Vinayak S. Mane, V., Phytochemical screening and Antibacterial Activity of Western Region wild leaf Colocasia esculenta, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(10), 18-21, (2013)
  29. Gubitz. G.M, Mittelbach, M. and M. Trabi, Exploitation of the Tropical Oil Seed Plant Jatropha curcas L., Bioresource Technology, (67), 73-82 (1999)
  30. Hostettmann, K., & Marston, A., Saponins. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ser. Cambridge University Press(2005)
  31. Dakora, F. D., Plant Flavonoids: Biological Molecules for Usefull exploitation, Aust.J. of Plant Physiology, 22(1), 87-99 (1995)
  32. Khanna V.G. and Kannabiran K., Larvicidal effect of Hemidesmusindicus, Gymnema sylvestre, and Ecliptaprostrataagainst Culex qinquifaciatus mosquito larvae, African Journal of Biotechnology,6 (3), 307-311 (2007)
  33. Lee S.E, Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Pipernonaline, a PiperidineAalkaloid derived from Long Pepper, Piper longum, J. of the American Mosquito Control Association, 16(3), 245-247 (2000)
  34. Kumar, A & Sharma, S., An evaluation of Multipurpose Oil Seed Crop for Industrial Uses Jatropha curcas L.: A Review. Indian Crops Product doi:, 10, 101 (2008)
  35. Adebowale, K.O., &Adedire, C.O., Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of the Underutilized Jatropha curcas Seed Oil, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (10), 901-906 (2006)
  36. Uses of Tinospora rumphii, http://www. stuartxchange.com (2013)
  37. Fernandez T.J. Jr. Panyawan (Tinospora rumphii) as dewormer for goats, Regional R and D [Research and Development] Symposia, (1996)
  38. Akram, W., Khan, H.A.A., Hafeez, F., Bilal, H., Yeon Kook Kim, & Jong-Jin Lee, P., Potential of Citrus Seed Extracts Against Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes alpobictus (CULICIDAE: DIPTERA), Pak. J. Bot., 42(4), 3343-3348 (2010)
  39. Murray K.D., E. Groden, F.A. Drummond, A.R. Alford, S. Conley, R.H. Storch and M.D. Bentley., Citrus limonoid effects on Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) colonization and oviposition, Environ. Entomol., 24(5), 1275-1283 (1995)