International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Assessment of six Mulberry (Morus) Germplasm varieties through Moulting and Bioassay parameters by using Crossbreed Silkworms Bombyx mori L. for Commercial Exploitation in Kolar District, Karnataka, INDIA

    , , , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Ganga Kaveri Institute of Science and Management, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560021, Karnataka, INDIA
  • 2 Department of Sericulture, V.V.Pura College of Science, K.R. Road, Bangalore-560004, Karnataka, INDIA
  • 3 Silkworm Division, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Ranchi-835303, Jharkhand, INDIA
  • 4 Department of Sericulture/Life Sciences, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560056, Karnataka, INDIA
  • 5 Mulberry Pathology Division, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Mysore-570008, Karnataka, INDIA
  • 6

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 2, Issue (9), Pages 69-75, September,10 (2013)

Abstract

A critical assessment study comprising six mulberry germplasm varieties viz., Tr, Tr12, Tr20, Matigara black, Morus nigra and M was conducted at Bethamangala village in Bangarpet taluk, Kolar district for their leaf quality through economic characters of silkworms. Silkworm rearing experiments were performed using crossbreed (PM x NB) silkworms. Taxa studied differ significantly in respect of moulting and bioassay trials. Moulting test results revealed that, silkworm larvae reared on Tr8 mulberry leaves recorded highest values and lowest values were recorded in silkworm larvae reared on Morus nigra leaves both in I and II moult respectively. Silkworm rearing performance revealed that, silkworms reared on Trmulberry leaves proved better and lower values were observed in silkworms reared on Morus nigra leaves in all the bioassay parameters. From the results, it is proved that, mulberry variety Tr turns out to be a superior in moulting and bioassay tests compared to other varieties studied under the same agro climatic conditions.

References

  1. Adolkar V.V., Raina S.K. and Kimbu D.M., Evaluation of various mulberry Morus spp. (Moraceae) cultivars for the rearing of the bivoltine hybrid race Shaanshi BV-333 of the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci., 27(1), 6-14 (2007)
  2. Bongale U.D. and Chaluvachari., Evaluation of eight mulberry germplasm varieties by leaf biochemical and bio-assay moulting studies, Sericologia,35, 83-94 (1995)
  3. Nagaraju J., Application of genetic principles in improving silk production, Current Science, 83(4), 409-415 (2002)
  4. Purohit K.M. and PavanKumar T., Influence of various agronomical practices in India on the leaf quality in mulberry A review, Sericologia, 36(1), 27-39 (1996)
  5. Bongale U.D., Chaluvachari., Mallikarjunappa R.S., Narahari Rao B.V., Anantharaman M.N. and Dandin S.B., Leaf nutritive quality associated with maturity levels in fourteen important varieties of mulberry (Morus spp.), Sericologia, 37(1), 71-81 (1997)
  6. Chaudhary P.C. and Giridhar K., Mulberry cultivation. In: Appropriate Sericulture Techniques, Ed. by Jolly MS, ICTRTS, Chapter-2, Mysore, India, 17-34 (1987)
  7. Das B.C. and Sikdar A.K., Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiment, Indian J. Seric.,9(1), 26-30 (1970)
  8. Matsumara, On the functional difference of digestive amylase of different strains of the silkworm Bombyx moriL. Bull. Seric. Exp. Sta.Japan,13, 513-519 (1951)
  9. Bose P.C., Evaluation of mulberry leaf quality by chemical analysis, In: Genetic resources of mulberry and utilization,Ed. by Sengupta, K. & Dandin, S.B. CSR&TI, Mysore, India, 189-190 (1989)
  10. Arug H., Principles of sericulture. Oxford and IBH publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd, 66 Janpath New Delhi, India, 376 (1994)
  11. Krishnamurthy K.C., Mulberry cultivation in the tropics, Asian women in tropical sericulture, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, ST/ESCAP/247, 12-13 (1983)
  12. Ravikumar C., Western ghat as a bivoltine region prospects, challenges and strategies for its development, Indian Silk, 26(9), 39-54 (1988)
  13. Benchamin K.V. and Nagaraj C.S., Silkworm rearing techniques, In: Appropriate sericulture techniques, Ed. by M.S. Jolly, Chapter-4, ICTRTS, Mysore, India, 63-106 (1987)
  14. Krishnaswami S., New technology of silkworm rearing, Bulletin No.2, Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India, 1-23 (1986b)
  15. Krishnaswami S., Improved method of rearing young age (chawki) silkworms, Bulletin No.2, Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India, 1-24 (1990)
  16. Benchamin K.V. and Anantharaman K.V., Standardisation of moulting test to evaluate mulberry leaf quality under tropical conditions, Indian J. Seric., 29(2), 255-262 (1990)
  17. Krishnaswami S., Noamani K.R. and Asan M., Studies on the quality of mulberry leaves and silkworm cocoon crop production, Part I, Quality difference due to varieties, Indian J. Seric., 9(1), 87-93 (1970b)
  18. Krishnaswami S., New technology of silkworm rearing, Bulletin No.2,C.S.R.&T.I, Mysore, India, 1-20 (1978)
  19. Sonwalkar T.N., Handbook of Silk Technology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, (1991)
  20. Singh R.K. and Choudhury B.D., Bio-metrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, (1979)
  21. Sundararaj N., Nagaraju S., Venkataramu M.N. and Jagannath M.K., Design and Analysis of Field Experiments,Directorate of Research, Miscellaneous Series 22, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India, 419 (1972)
  22. Krishnaswami S., Roy D. and Mukherjee S.K., Yield and nutritive value of mulberry leaves as influenced by planting system, spacing and frequency of pruning, Indian J. Seric., 9(1), 38-42 (1970a)
  23. Opender Koul., Tikku K., Saxena B.P. and Atal C.K., Growth and silk production in Bombyx mori L. fed on three different varieties of mulberry, Indian J. Seric., 18(1), 1-5 (1979)
  24. Thangamani R. and Vivekanandan M., Physiological studies and leaf nutrient analysis in the evaluation of best mulberry variety, Sericologia, 24, 317-324 (1984)
  25. Bari M.A., Qaiyyum M.A. and Ahmed S.U., Correlation studies in mulberry (Morus alba L.), Indian J. Seric., 28(1),11-16 (1989)
  26. Narayanan E.S., Kasiviswanathan K. and Iyengar M.N.S., Effect of varietal feeding, irrigation levels and nitrogen fertilization on larval development and cocoon characters of Bombyx mori L., Indian J. Seric., 5, 13-17 (1966)
  27. Iwanari Y. and Ohno Y., Rearing experiments of silkworms on the artificial diets composed mainly of the mulberry leaf powder harvested on the late autumnal and thereafter season, J.Seric. Sci., Japan. 38, 307-315 (1969)
  28. Venugopala Pillai S. and Jolly M.S., An evaluation on the quality of mulberry varieties raised under hill conditions and the crop results of Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 24(2), 48-52 (1985)
  29. Das P.K. and Vijayaraghavan., Studies on the effect of different mulberry varieties and seasons on the larval development and cocoon characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 29(1),44-53 (1990)
  30. Krishnaswami S., Kumararaj S., Vijayaraghavan K. and Kasiviswanathan K., Silkworm feeding trials for evaluating the quality of mulberry leaves as influenced by variety, spacing and nitrogen fertilization, Indian J. Seric., 10, 79-90 (1971)
  31. Chaluvachari and Bongale U.D., Leaf quality evaluation of selected mulberry genotypes by biochemical and bioassay studies, Proc.Fourth All India Conf. Cytology and Genetics, Bangalore, India, 121-124 (1994)
  32. Chaluvachari and Bongale U.D., Bioassay moulting response of silkworm Bombyx mori L. in relation to leaf nutritive constituents in mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes,Indian J. Seric.,35(2), 160-162 (1996)
  33. Mishra R.K., Choudhury P.C., Mathur V.B. and Ghosh A., Studies on the development of package of cultivation for mulberry garden exclusively for young age silk worm rearing, Indian J. Seric., 35, 10-18 (1996)
  34. Sujathamma P., Savithri G. and Dandin S.B., Evaluation of mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes suitable for chawki rearing, Proc.Natl.Semi.Tropical Seric., Bangalore, India, 132-135 (1999)
  35. Mallikarjunappa R.S., Venkateshaiah H.V., Bongale U.D., Chandrakala M.V. and Chaluvachari., Evaluation of improved mulberry genotypes for production of leaf suitable for young age silkworm rearing, with annual 12 leaf harvest schedule, Indian J. Seric., 39(2), 122-126 (2000)
  36. Verma S.K. and Kushwaha K.S., Comparative growth of the silkworm, Bombyx mori race Bulupolu reared on different mulberry varieties, Indian J. Agric. Sci., 40(12),1079-1107 (1970)
  37. Sengupta K., Singh B.D. and Mustafi J.C., Nutrition of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. I. Studies on the enrichment of mulberry leaf with various sugars, proteins, amino acids and vitamins for vigorous growth of the worm and increased cocoon crop protection, Indian J. Seric., 11, 11-27 (1972)
  38. Venugopala Pillai S., Krishnaswami S. and Kasiviswanathan K., Growth studies in silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) under tropical conditions II, Influence of agronomical methods of mulberry on the growth, cocoon crop and fecundity of silkworm, Indian J. Seric., 27(1), 32-45 (1987)
  39. Govindan R., Magadum S.B., Bhemanna C. and Narayanaswamy T.K., Influence of mulberry varieties on cocoon weight, ovariole length, ovariole egg number and fecundity in silkworm Bombyx mori L., Sericologia, 27(1),25-30 (1987)
  40. Bhemanna C., Performance of bivoltine breeds of silkworm Bombyx mori L. on different varieties of mulberry, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, (1988)
  41. Tayade D.S., Jawale M.D. and Unchegaonkar P.K., Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiments under Maratawada conditions, Indian J. Seric.,27(1), 92-94 (1988)
  42. Dar H.U., Singh T.P. and Das B.C., Evaluation of mulberry varieties by feeding to Bombyx mori., Indian J. Seric., 27(1), 16-22 (1988)
  43. Fotadar R.K., Ahsan M.M., Dhar K.L. and Bhakuni B.S., Evaluation and utilization of genetic variability in mulberry, Indian J. Seric., 28(2), 150-158 (1989)
  44. Sathyanarayana Raju Ch., Pallavi S.N., Reddy M.M., Suryanarayana N., Singhal B.K. and Sengupta K., Evaluation of four new mulberry varieties through silkworm rearing under irrigated condition, Indian J. Seric., 29(2), 240-247 (1990)
  45. Saratchandra B., Rajanna L., Philomena K.L., Paramesha C., Ramesh S.P., Jayappa T. and Sabitha M.G., An evaluation of elite mulberry varieties for yield and quality through bio-assay, Sericologia, 32(1), 127-134 (1992)
  46. Das B.K., Saker J., Das C., Das N.K. and Sen S.K., Seasonal effects on the relative performance of five bivoltine breeds of silkworm Bombyx mori L., Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 15(2), 91-96 (1995)
  47. Changalarayappa and Chinnaswamy K.P., Influence of mulberry varietal feeding sequences on growth and development of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) breeds, Proc. Natl. Semi. Tropical Seric., Bangalore, India, 204-205 (1999)
  48. Vage M.N. and Ashoka J., Performance of fifth instar silkworm of PM x NB on tender shoot feeding for larval and cocoon yield traits, Proc.Natl.Semi.Tropical Seri.,Bangalore, India, 97-99 (1999)
  49. Rachotaiah M., Narahari Rao B.V., Prabhuraj D.K. and Dandin S.B., Status of biochemical constituents in four mulberry varieties grown under rainfed condition and their effect on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Natl. Conf. Stra. Seri. Res. Devpt., Mysore, India, 41 (2000)
  50. Chakravorty R. and Borgohain P.N., Identification of an improved mulberry variety suitable for north eastern part of India, Indian J. Seric., 39(1), 74-75 (2000)
  51. Rahman M.S., Doss S.G., Vijayan K. and Roy B.N., Performance of the mulberry variety S1635 under three systems of planting in West Bengal, Indian J. Seric., 38(2),165-167 (1999)
  52. Santosha Gowda V. Patil., Evaluation of promising genotype S1635 under irrigated conditions, Indian Silk, 41(2),7-9 (2002)
  53. Sujathamma P., Dandin S.B. and Savithri G., Quality evaluation of mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes through bioassay under Royalaseema conditions of Andhra Pradesh, Indian J. Seric., 40(1), 27-34 (2001)
  54. Fonseca T.C., Almeida J.E. and Fonseca A.S., Effect of mulberry selection on silkworm feeding. Sericologia, 30(4),475-477 (1990)
  55. Giridhar K. and Reddy S.N., Effective rate of rearing in bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori breeds on different mulberry, Morus sp. Varieties, Indian J. Seric., 30(1), 88-90 (1991)
  56. Seidavi A., Evaluation of the genetic potential of six native strains of silkworm Bombyx mori L. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(20), 4816-4823 (2011)
  57. Gangwar S.K., Impact of varietal feeding of eight mulberry varieties on Bombyx mori L. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(3), 350-354 (2010)
  58. Yogananda Murthy V.N., Ramesh H.L., Munirajappa and Dayakar Yadav B.R., Nutritional quality assessment of ten mulberry (Morus) germplasm varieties through moulting Test, silkworm rearing techniques and economical characters of bivoltine silkworms (Bombyx mori L) for commercial exploitation, Int. Res. J. Natural Sci.1(2), 11-22 (2013)
  59. Ogunleye R.F. and Johnson O., Determination and comparison of performance and production properties in three strains of silkworm bombyx mori (l) fed with a variety of mulberry plant, Int. Res. J. Biotechnol., 3(5), 76-80 (2012)
  60. Singh Amardev., Ahmed Farooq and Bandey Shamin Ahmed, Spring rearing performance by feeding temperate mulberry variety on bivoltine hybrid NB4D2 x SH6 of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences., 1(2), 69-72 (2012)
  61. Gaviria D.A.E., Aguilar H.J., Serrano and Alegria A.H., DNA fingerprinting using AFLP markers to search for makers associated with yield attributes in the silkworm Bombyx mori ., J. Insect Sci.6, 1-10 (2006)
  62. FAO, Silk reeling and testing manual, Agricultural Services, Bulletin No. 136 Rome, Italy, 65-75 (1999)