International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Biodegradation Potentials of Mycoflora Isolated from Auto Mobile Workshop Soils on Flow Station Crude Oil Sludge

    ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, NIGERIA
  • 2 Microbiology Laboratory, Edo Environmental Consults and Laboratory, Palm House Annex, Benin City, NIGERIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 2, Issue (5), Pages 9-18, May,10 (2013)

Abstract

The biodegradation potentials of soil mycobiota isolated from six auto mobile workshops and a farmland in Benin City on flow station crude oil sludge was investigated. Serial dilution and pour plate methods were utilized in the isolation and enumeration of the fungal bioload of the soil samples. The heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from 0.2 ×10 cfu/g to 3.6 ×10 cfu/g. Twenty (20) fungal species were identified from the soil samples; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, Emericella nidulans, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Moniliella sp., Pichia farinosa, Sporobolomyces sp., Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., Curvularia sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Penicillium sp.2, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium chrysogenum. A. flavus and A. nidulans had the highest percentage prevalence (85.7%). Physicochemical analyses revealed that the soil samples were acidic (pH 5.81-6.40) and sandy (50.3%-64.80%). Colorimetric screening indicated that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., consortium of yeasts and the filamentous fungal consortium were able to maximally utilize the sludge as the sole source of carbon and energy. The growth profile results obtained for A. flavus revealed a decrease in pH (7.2 – 4.8), an increase in turbidity and colony counts (12 FAU – 229 FAU) (1.8 × 10 cfu/ml – 3.6 × 10 cfu/ml) during the 20 day incubation period. Amongst the growth profile cultures, Aspergillus flavus caused the highest percentage reduction in the residual TPH (DRO) content of the inoculated sludge (84%). Soils within the vicinities of auto mechanic workshops are viable sources of hydrocarbonclastic fungi.

References

  1. Bento F.M., Camargo F.A.V., Okeke B.C. and Frankenberger W.T., Comparative bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, bioestimation and bioaugmentation, Bioresource Technology, 96, 1049-1055 (2005)
  2. Ayotamuno M.J., Okparanma R.N. and Amadi F., Enhanced remediation of an oily sludge with saline water, AfricanJournal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(4),262-267 (2011)
  3. Ayotamuno M.J., Okparanma R.N., Nweneka E.K., Ogaji S.O.T. and Probet S.D., Bioremediation of a sludge containing hydrocarbons, Applied Energy, , 936-943 (2007)
  4. Akoachere J.T.K., Akenji T.N., Yongabi F.N., Nkwelang G. and Ndip R.N., Lubricating oil degrading bacteria in soils from filling stations and auto mechanic workshops, in Buea, Cameroun: Occurrence and characteristics of isolates, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(11), 1700-1706 (2008)
  5. Bennett J.W., Wunch K.G. and Faison B.D., Use of fungi biodegradation, In: Manual of Environmental Microbiology, C.J. Hurst (Editor), 2nd edn. ASM Press, Washington D.C., 960-971 (2002)
  6. Llanos C. and Kjoller A., Changes in the flora of soil fungi following oil waste applications, Oikos, 27, 377-382 (1976)
  7. Nyns E.J., Auguiere J.P. and Wiaux A.L., Adaptive or constitutive nature of the enzymes involved in the oxidation of n-hexadecane into palmitic acid by Candida lipolytica, Z. Ally. Mikrobiology, 9, 373-380 (1969)
  8. Obire O., Anyanwu E.C. and Okigbo R.N., Saprophytic and crude oil degrading fungi from cow dung and poultry droppings as bioremediating agents, Journal of Agricultural Technology, 4(2), 81-89 (2008)
  9. Ipeaiyeda A.R., Dawodu M. and Akande Y., Heavy metal contamination of top soil and dispersion in the vicinities of reclaimed auto repair workshops in Iwo, Nigeria, Resource Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(11), 1106-1115 (2007)
  10. Google Earth, Municipal Map of Benin City. Google, Los Angelis (2012)
  11. Harley J.P. and Prescott L.M., Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, 5th edn. Mac Graw Hill, New York, 449, (2002)
  12. Sharma P., Manual of Microbiology, tools and techniques, 2nd edn. Ane books, New Delhi, 405 (2009)
  13. El-Sayed M. and El-Morsy E., Evaluation of micro fungi for the bioremediation of diesel oil in Egypt, Land Contamination & Reclamation, 13(2), 147-150 (2005)
  14. Choi Y., Hyde K.D. and Ho W.H., Single spore isolation of fungi, Fungal Diversity, 29-38 (1999)
  15. Guan H., Yang L., Guo J., Ma X., Wang H. and You S., Morphological and molecular identification of Aspergillus versicolor D-1 with selective reduction ability, Journal of Traditional Medicine, 2(1), 39-46 (2007)
  16. Barnett H.L. and Hunter B.B., Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, 3rd edn. Burgess, New York, 225 (1972)
  17. Alexopolulos C.W., Mims M. and Blackwell H., Introductory Mycology, 4th edn., Blackwell John Wiley and Sons, New York, 866 (1996)
  18. Van der Walt J.P., Genus 16, Saccharomyces In: The yeasts, a taxonomic study. J. Lodder, (editor), North Holland Pub., Amsterdam, 732-745 (1970)
  19. Radojevic M. and Bashkin V.N., Practical Environmental Analysis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 466 (1999)
  20. Onyeonwu R.O., Manual for Waste/Wastewater, Soil/ Sediment, Plant and Fish analysis, MacGill Environmental Research Laboratory Manual, Benin City, 81 (2000)
  21. Bremmer I.M. and Mulvaney C.S., Total Nitrogen, In: Methods of soil analysis. Agronomy monograph 9, American Society of Agronomy and soil science of America (editor), Madison, Wisconsin, 595-627 (1982)
  22. George-Okafor U., Tasie F. and Muotoe-Okafor F., Hydrocarbon degradation potentials of indigenous fungal isolates from petroleum contaminated soils, Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences, 3(1), 1-6 (2009)
  23. Bidola E.D., Montagnolli R.N. and Lopez P.R.M., Microbial biodegradation potential of hydrocarbons evaluated by colorimetric technique: A case study, Current Research Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, , 1277-1288 (2010)
  24. Okpokwasili G.C. and Okorie B.B., Biodeterioration potentials of microorganisms isolated from car engine lubricating oil, Tribol International, 21(4), 215-220 (1988)
  25. Obayagbona O.N., Biodegradation potentials of mycoflora isolated from auto mechanic workshop soils on flow station crude oil sludge, Master of Science Thesis, University of Benin, Nigeria, 172 (2012)
  26. American Petroleum Institute (API), API recommended practice for analysis of oilfield water, API, Dallas, APR-RP-45. 49 (1968)
  27. Prescott L.M., Harley J.P. and Klein D.A., Microbiology, 6th edn., Mac Graw Hill, New York, 1147 (2005)
  28. Giraud F., Guiraud P., Kadri M., Blake G. and Steiman R., Biodegradation of anthracene and flouranthene by fungi isolated from an experiment constructed wetland for wastewater treatment, Water Research,35(17), 4126-4136 (2001)
  29. Ozgur B., Braus G.H., Fischer R. and Romero R.J., Spotlight on Aspergillus nidulans photosensory systems, Fungal Genetics and Biology, 47, 900-908 (2010)
  30. Markovetz A.J., Cazin J. and Allen J.E., Assimilation of alkanes and alkenes by fungi, Applied Microbiology,16(3)487-489 (1968)
  31. Al-Ghamdi A.Y., Investigating the ability of five fungal species to utilize gasoline as sole carbon source, Egyptian Academy Journal of Biological Sciences,3(1), 7-12 (2011)
  32. Sebiomo A., Awosanya A.O. and Awotodu A.D., Utilization of crude oil and gasoline by ten bacterial and five fungal isolates, Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 3(3), 55-63 (2011)
  33. Nwachukwu S.U. and Ugoji E.O., Impact of crude petroleum spills on microbial communities of tropical soils, International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,21, 169-176 (1995)
  34. Oboh O.B., Ilori M.O., Akinyemi J.O. and Adebusoye S.A., Hydrocarbon degrading potential of bacteria isolated from a Nigerian bitumen (Tar sand) deposit, Nature Science, 4(3), 51-57 (2006)
  35. Odjadjare E.E.O., Ajisebutu S.O., Igbinosa E.O., Aiyegoro O.A., Trejo-Hernandez M.R. and Okoh A.I., Escravos light crude oil degrading potentials of axenic and mixed bacterial cultures, Journal of General Applied Microbiology, 54, 277-284 (2008)
  36. Del’Arco J.P. and De Franca P.F., Biodegradation of crude oil in sandy sediment, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 44, 87-92 (1999)
  37. Plata D.L. and Sharpless C.M., Photochemical degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil films, Environmental Science and Technology, 42(7), 2432-2438 (2008)
  38. Ilembayo O. and Kolade I., Profile of heavy metals from automobile workshops in Akure, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Science Technology, 1(1), 19-26 (2008)
  39. Singh A., Mullin B. and Ward O., Reactor–Based process for the biological treatment of petroleum wastes, Petrotech 2001 Conference, Bahrain, 13 (2001)