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Fluoride in the Groundwaters of Hard Rock Hirehalla Sub-basin, Karnataka, India

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Studies in Geology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka India
  • 2Department of Studies in Geology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka India

Int. Res. J. Earth Sci., Volume 4, Issue (2), Pages 23-30, February,25 (2016)

Abstract

Hydrogeochemical analysis was carried out in and around parts of Hoovina Hadagali and Harapanahalli taluks, Karnataka, India where increasing fluoride risks were reported. 140 no. of representative water samples were collected for both seasons. Cations such as Ca, Mg, Na and K while anions such as CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and F were analysed along with physical parameters- pH, EC, TDS and H. Analyses were carried out following standard procedure of APHA. Ion selective electrode method was adopted to determine fluoride and compared with different standards such as BIS, ICMR and WHO. F ranged from 0.05 to 5.69 mg/lit. 25.71 % and 20% of water samples in the study area reported to be above allowable limit for both the seasons. Excessive amounts of fluoride ion concentration in drinking water lead to different forms of fluorosis- dental, skeletal and non-skeletal. ArcGIS v10 was used to depict spatial distribution of F samples. Correlation matrix of the study area revealed, HCO3 and Na showed positive correlation with F, which increases the fluoride content in the water due to associated rock minerals and fertilizers. Thus Hirehalla Sub-basin has alarming fluoride contamination and it’s necessary to study and suggest measures for proper management of water resources for drinking purpose and to elucidate fluoride endemic areas.

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