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Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Determination of Geomorphological Parameters and Design Flood for a Himalyan River Basin, India

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, GEU, Dehradun, UK, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Earth Sci., Volume 1, Issue (3), Pages 11-15, June,25 (2013)

Abstract

The most widely and generally applied method for the prediction of flood hydrograph which is derived from a known storm in a basin area uses historical rainfall-runoff data and unit hydrographs derived from them. These technique are highly unreliable because of the physical and climatic changes in the watershed and their implementation to ungauged catchments. These drawbacks can be overcome by making the use of the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH), which is a physically based rainfall-runoff estimation method. A detailed drainage analysis was done for a 5th order flood prone Himalayan river. The geomorphological parameters of the basin were estimated from 30 m ASTER (Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Sensor) DEM and Landsat imageries using ARC-GIS 9.3 and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.3 Software. The aim of this study was to estimate the design flood of the site situated at Joshimath, district Chamoli, Uttarakhand along with the few Geomorphological parameters which will provide us with feasibility of designing of the hydraulic structures such as dams in near future in this catchment area. Presented in this paper are the results derived using ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine on the data acquired. The results shows that more than 50 % of the catchment is snow-fed area hence, the selected site will have a continuous supply of water throughout the year making it a potentially profitable dam site. 1 hour Synthetic Unit Hydrograph peak discharge at site was found to be 878.5 Cumecs, on the basis of which design flood was estimated considering PMP and peak flood discharge at site was found to be 6188 Cumecs.

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