International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Influence of meroterpene on economic characters of the shell ratio and denier scale in silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Race: PM x CSR2)

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Zoology, Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya Shardanagar, Malegaon (Baramati) Dist. Pune-413115, India
  • 2Department of Zoology, Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya Shardanagar, Malegaon (Baramati) Dist. Pune-413115, India
  • 3B.E. Society Daunds Lt. K. G. Kataria College of Arts & Science, Ambedkar Chawk, Siddhtech Road, Daund, District: Pune-413801, India

Res. J. Agriculture & Forestry Sci., Volume 5, Issue (10), Pages 7-15, October,8 (2017)

Abstract

Present study was undertaken to study the action of Meroterpene through the acetone solution on the economic characters shell ratio of cocoon and denier scale of silk filament in silk worm Bombyx mori (L.) through PM x CSR2 race. The meroterpene selected for the attempt was ferruginol. Three different concentrations of meroterpene - ferruginol compound used in the attempt include: 5ppm; 10ppm and 20 ppm. The larval stages of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) utilized for the experimentation were the fifth instars. Five groups of larvae, each with hundred individuals were prepared for the study. The groups include: UT (Untreated Control group); STC (Solvent Treated Control group); T-1 (5ppm Meroterpene Treated Group); T-2 (10 ppm Meroterpene Treated Group) and T-3 (20 ppm Meroterpene Treated Group). Each group was consisted of hundred individuals. Separate micropipettes were used for topical application of ten microliteres of each concentration for respective groups. The meroterpene topical application was made to the individual larva of concerned group at 48 hours after the fourth moult. Standard schedule of rearing of the larval instars; provision of mountage to the mature larvae to spin their cocoons; harvesting the cocoons; reeling the cocoons for silk filament were followed. The shell ratio of the cocoons and the denier scale of silk filament from control group was measured 19.331 and 2.170 units respectively. Use of meroterpene ferruginol through acetone solvent for topical application to the larvae was found reflected into: significant improvement in the shell ratio of cocoons (from 21.407 to 22.948) and the silk filament denier scale (2.404 to 3.171). Meroterpene ferruginol at the rate at 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm concentrations yielded the heaviest cocoon ( with weight: 2.046;2.387;2.924 gm) ; significant weight of cocoon - shell (0.438, 0.541, 0.673 gm), weight of pupa (1.613;1.846;2.252 gm). All three concentrations of meroterpene compound in the study recorded significant cocoon weight; Shell weight; pupal weight; shell ratio and denier scale in comparison with the control group. Specific titer of meroterpene ferruginol through solvent like acetone may lead to welcome new agro-biotechnological era for sericulture.

References

  1. Hartfelder Klaus (2000)., Insect juvenile hormone: from\" status quo\" to high society., Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 33(2), 157-177.
  2. Denlinger D.L. (1985)., Hormonal control of diapause., Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 8, 353-412.
  3. Nijhout H.F. (1994)., Insect Hormones Princeton Univ., Press, Princeton, NJ.
  4. Nijhout H.F. (1999)., Control mechanisms of polyphenic development in insects., Bio.Scicences, 49(3), 181-192.
  5. Wyatt G.R. and Davey K.G. (1996)., Cellular and molecular actions of juvenile hormone. II. Roles of juvenile hormone in adult insects., Adv. Insect Physiol., 26, 1-155.
  6. Era A.J. and Cisper G. (2001)., Genetic and diurnal variation in the juvenile Hormone Titer in a Wing-Polymorphic Cricket: Implications for the Evolution of Life Histories and dispersal., Physio Biochem Zool, 74(2), 293-306.
  7. Wheeler D.E. (1983)., Soldier determination in the ant, Pheidole bicarinata: Hormonal control of caste and size within castes., J. Insect Physiol., 29, 847-854.
  8. Siddall J.B. (1976)., Insect growth regulators and insect control. A critical approach., Envt.Health. Perspectives, 14, 119-126,
  9. Chaudhari Ravindra D. and Khyade Vitthalrao B. (1997)., Changes in protein profile in silk work, Bombyx mori (L) caused by CMV &NPV., Bulletin of Association of Zoologists, 4(3), 33-37.
  10. Wigglesworth V.B. (1954)., Physiology of Insect Metamorphosis Cambrige Monogr Exp., Biol., 1, 152.
  11. Wigglesworth V.B. (1963)., The action of moulting hormone and juvenile hormone at the cellular level in Rhodnius prolixus (L)., J. Exp. Biol., 40, 231-245.
  12. Riddiford L.M. (1994)., Cellular and molecular actions of juvenile hormone I. General considerations and premetamorphic actions., Adv. Insect Physiol., 24, 213-274.
  13. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Slama K. (2014)., Changes in the Pattern of Chitin Deposition in The Integument of Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Pm X Csr2) Topically Applied With Various Concentrations Of Acetone Solution Of Retinol., Journal of Biodiversity and Ecological Sciences, 4(4), 159-167. ISSN: 2008-9287.
  14. Williams C.M. (1956)., The Juvenile Hormone of Insects., Nature, 178, 212-213.
  15. Chattopadhyay J. (2011)., The structure and defensive efficacy of glandular secretion of the larval osmeterium in Graphium agamemnon agamemnon Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)., Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35(2), 245-254.
  16. Chow Y.S. and Tsai R.S. (1989)., Protective chemicals in caterpillar survival., Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 45(4), 390-392.
  17. Crossley A.C. and Waterhouse D.F. (1969)., The infrastructure of osmeterium and the nature of its secretion in Papilio larvae (Lepidoptera; Papilionidae)., Tissue & Cell, 1, 525-554.
  18. Laufer H., Borst D., Baker F.C., Carasco C., Sinkus M., Reuter C.C., Tsai L.W. and Schooley D.A. (1987)., Identification of a juvenile hormone-like compound in a crustacean., Science, 235, 202-205.
  19. Lu, Chow-Chin and Chow Yien Shing (1991)., Fine structure of the larval osmeterium of Papilio demoleus libanius (Lepidoptera: papilionidae)., Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 84(3), 294-302.
  20. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Khyade Vivekanand V. and Schekman Randy Wayne (2015)., Utilization of the topical application of Limonene to the fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM X CSR2) for the parameters of Larvae, Cocoon and Silk filament., International Journal of Bioassay, 4(02), 3632-3635. ISSN: 2278-778X www.ijbio.com
  21. Khyade Vitthalrao, Moser Edvard and Moser Britt (2015)., Influence of aqueous Maceratives of seed powder of Syzigium Cumini (L) on the mid Gut Enzyme Activity in the fifth instar larvae of silk Worm, Bombyx Mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(6), 997-1008. (ISSN 2277– 7105). www.wjpr.net.
  22. Shivpuje Madhuri Anil, Wanve Hanumant V. and Belpatre Sadashiv N. (2016)., Influence of magnetic energy on protein contents in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., World Scientific news, 42, 73-86. www.worldscientificnews.com .
  23. Page J.E. and Nagel J. (2006)., Chapter eight Biosynthesis of terpenophenolic metabolites in hop and cannabis., Integrative Plant Biochemistry, Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, 40, 179-210. doi:10.1016/ S0079-9920(06)80042-0. ISBN 9780080451251.
  24. Nunez-Pons L., Forestieri R., Nieto R.M., Varela M., Nappo M., Rodríguez J., Jiménez C., Castelluccio F., Carbone M., Ramos-Espla A., Gavagnin M. and Avila C. (2010)., Chemical defenses of tunicates of the genus Aplidium from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)., Polar Biology, 33(10), 1319-1329.
  25. Simon-Levert A., Menniti C., Soulère L., Genevière A.M., Barthomeuf C., Banaigs B. and Witczak A. (2010)., Marine Natural Meroterpenes: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity., Marine Drugs, 8(2), 347-358. doi:10.3390/md8020347. PMC 2852842. PMID 20390109.
  26. Smith W. and Nijhout H.F. (1981)., Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue on duration of the fifth instar in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus., J. Insect Physiol., 27(3), 169-173.
  27. Doshi Sucheta S., Shendage Anil N. and Khyade Vitthalrao B. (2014)., Utilization of Digixin the herbal product for treating the mulberry leaves and feeding the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Standard Global Journal of Scientific Research, 1(2), 20- 24. March 2014.http://www.standardglobal journals.com/journals/SGJSR/2014/march/Doshi%20et%20al.html
  28. Doshi Sucheta S., Shendage Anil N. and Khyade Vitthalrao B. (2016)., The monoterpene compounds for juvenile hormone activity through changes in pattern of chitin deposition in the integument of fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM x CSR2)., World Scientific news, 37, 179-201. www.worldscientificnews.com .
  29. Son K.H., Oh H.M., Choi S.K., Han D.C. and Kwon B.M. (2005)., Anti-tumor abietane diterpenes from the cones of Sequoia sempervirens., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters., 15(8), 2019-2021. PMID 15808460. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.057.
  30. Smith E.C.J., Kaatz G.W., Williamson E.M. and Gibbons S. (2007)., P-168: The Resistance Modifying Activity of Ferruginol., Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9.
  31. Flores C., Alarcón J., Becerra J., Bittner M., Hoeneisen M. and Silva M. (2001)., Extractable Compounds of Native Trees: Chemical And Biological Study I: Bark of Prumnopytis andina (Podocarpaceae) and Austrocedrus chilensis (Cupressaceae)., Bol. Soc. Chil. Quím., 46(1), 61-64. doi:10.4067/S0366-16442001000100010.
  32. Areche Carlos, Theoduloz Cristina, Yáñez Tania, Souza-Brito Alba R.M., Barbastefano VíCtor, De Paula, DéBora Ferreira, Anderson L., Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo, and Rodríguez Jaime A. (2008)., Gastroprotective activity of ferruginol in mice and rats: effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls., Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 60 (2), 245-251. PMID 18237473. doi:10.1211/jpp.60.2.0014. Khyade, V. B. ; Patil, S. B. ; Khyade, S. V. and Bhawane, G. P. (2002). Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera on the larval parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L), Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 2002, 20, 14 -18.
  33. Khyade V.B., Patil S.B., Khyade S.V. and Bhawane G.P. (2003)., Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera on the economic parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L)., Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 21, 28-32.
  34. Khyade V.B. (2004)., Influence of juvenoids on silk worm, Bombyx mori (L)., Ph.D. Thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.
  35. Khyade V.B. and Mhamane Ganga V. (2005)., Vividh Vanaspati Arkancha Tuti Reshim Kitak Sangopanasathi Upyojana., Krishi Vdnyan, 4, 18-22.
  36. Khyade V.B., Machale Sonali S., Sarwade J.P., Patil S.B. and Deshpande Sadhana H. (2006)., Screening of plant extractives for juvenoid activity in silk worm, Bombyx mori(L)., Journal of Zoological Society of India: Environment and Development, 61-77. (Editors: B. N. Pandey and G. K. Kulkarni ) (Publisher: A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi) (ISBN: 81-313-004-8 / 97881315300497).
  37. Khyade V.B., Patil Poonam B., Jaybhay M., Gaikwad Rasika R., Ghantaloo U.S., Shinde Vandana D., Nimbalkar Kavita H. and Sarwade J.P. (2007)., Use of digoxin for improvement of economic parameters in silk worm, Bombyx mori (L)., Bioinfrmatics (Zoological Society of India).
  38. Khyade V.B., Gaikwad D.R. and Thakare U.G. (2012)., Utilization of Aloe vera (L) Herbal Tonic for Treating Mulberry Leaves before feeding the Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori(L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., ( Editor: Dr. A. R. Tuwar and Dr. M. J. Shaikh Dept. of Life Sciences, Arts and Science College, Sonai Tal. Newasa, Dist. Ahmednagar – 414105 India), 37-40.
  39. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Bhunje Abhilasha C. (2015)., Efficient use of acetone extractive of Oroxylum indicum for the improvement of quality of silk in silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Malaya Journal of Biosciences, 2(4), 185-190. ISSN 2348-6236 print /2348-3075 online http://www.malayabiosciences.com/
  40. Krishnaswami S., Narasimhana M.N., Suryanarayana S.K. and Kumaraj S. (1978)., Sericulture Manual –ll: Silk worm rearing., FAO, United Nation’s Rome, 131.
  41. Jagtap Sharad Ganpat (2012)., Influence of plant extractives on silkworm, Bombyx mori (L)., Ph. D. Thesis, Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan – 333001 India.
  42. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Ghantaloo Uma S. and Shinde Vandana D. (2007)., Various effects of anti-biotics on selected parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori(L)., Journal of Zoological Society of India : Bioinformatics, 11-22. (Editors: B. N. Pandey; Sadhana Deshpande; A. K. Triphathi and A. D. Adsool) (Publisher: A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi) (ISBN 13: 9788131302200 / ISBN 10: 8131302202).
  43. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Patil Poonam M., Jaybhay Kalyani R., Gaikwad Rasika G., Mhamane Ganga V., Khyade Vivekanand V., Nimbalkar Kavita H. and Jagtap Sneha G. (2007)., Effect of digoxin on economic parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L)., Journal of Zoological Society of India: Bioinformatics, 23-31. (Editors: B. N. Pandey; Sadhana Deshpande; A. K. Triphathi and A. D. Adsool) (Publisher: A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi) (ISBN 13: 9788131302200 / ISBN 10: 8131302202).
  44. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Patil Poonam M., Jaybhay Kalyani R., Gaikwad Rasika G., Mhamane Ganga V., Khyade Vivekanand V., Nimbalkar Kavita H. and Jagtap Sneha G. (2007)., Effect of digoxin on mid gut glucosidase activity in silkworm, Bombyx mori (L)., Journal of Zoological Society of India : Bioinformatics, 32-48. (Editors: B. N. Pandey; Sadhana Deshpande; A. K. Triphathi and A. D. Adsool) (Publisher: A P H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi) (ISBN 13: 9788131302200 / ISBN 10: 8131302202).
  45. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Khyade Sunanda V. and Khyade Vivekanand V. (2009)., Influence of mealy bug infestation on mulberry leaves on the silkworm, Bombyx mori(L)., Eco friendly Insect Pest Management : 325 – 328. (The book edited by Dr. S. Iganacimuthu Director, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai – 600034. ISBN: 81 – 88901 – 37 – 7 . Publisher: Elite Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
  46. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Khyade Sunanda V., Khyade Vivekanand V., Jagtap Sharad G. and Sarawade Jeevan P. (2009)., Tyrosine aminotransferase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori(L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Advances in Pollution Research, 21(1), 1-4.
  47. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Sarwade Jiwan P. (2009)., Influence of methanolic extractives of roots of Achyranthus aspera (L) on the body wall chitin in fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Journal of Association of Zoologists, India, 2(1), 11-21.
  48. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Sarwade Jiwan P. (2009)., Influence of acetone extractives selected plants on the body wall chitin of fifth instars of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Journal of Association of Zoologists, India, 2(1), 39-47.
  49. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Sarwade Jiwan P. (2009)., Protein profiles in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori(L) (Race: PM x CSR2), fed with Digoxin treated mulberry leaves., The Bioscan, 4(1), 41-44.
  50. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Patil Poonam M., Jagtap Sharad G., Khyade Sunanda V. and Sarawade Jeevan P. (2010)., Effect of Methanolic Extractives of Roots of Achyranthus aspera on Larval Body Wall Chitin in the Fifth Instars of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L)(Race: PM x CSR2)., Advances in Plant Sciences, 23(1), 309 313.
  51. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Kulkarni Jyoti A. (2011)., Effect of Digoxin treated mulberry leaves on protein profiles in fifth instar larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori(L) (PM x CSR2)., Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(1), 2- 6. www.isca. ISSN 2231.
  52. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Shukla Kajal P. and Sarawade Jeevan P. (2012)., Juvenile Hormone activity of some non mulberry plant extractives through inhibition of chitin deposition in the integument of fifth instar larvae of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race : PM x CSR2)., Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1, 1-6. www.isca.in ISSN 2277 – 2502.
  53. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Doshi Sucheta S. (2012)., Protein Contents and activity of enzymes in the mid gut homogenate of fifth instar larvae of silk worm, Bombyx mori(L) (Race : PM x CSR2) fed with herbal drug (Kho Go) treated mulberry leaves., Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 49-55. www.isca.in ISSN 2227 – 2502.
  54. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Sarawade Jiwan P. (2012)., Contents of protein and activity of protease and amylase in the mid gut homogenate of fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori L. (PM x CSR2) fed with herbal drug(Kho-Go) treated mulberry leaves., International Journal of Science and Nature, 3(3), 526-530. www.scienceandnature.org ISSN 2229 – 6441.
  55. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Shendage Anil N. (2012)., Influence of Aloe vera (L) Herbal formulation on Larval Characters and Economic Parameters of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L)(Race : PM x CSR2)., The Ecoscan Special, 1 (121), 321-326. www.theecoscan.in ISSN: 0974 – 0376.
  56. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Sarwade Jiwan P. (2013)., Utilization of Digoxin, the herbal product for treating the mulberry leaves and feeding the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 1(12), 38-42. ISSN: 2277 – 9302.
  57. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Khyade Vivekanand V. (2013)., Plants: The Source of Animal Hormones. “Frontiers in Life sciences”., the book published by Science Impact Publication, Ahmedpur (Latur ) – 413515 ( India ), 151- 168. Editor: Dr. Sayyed Iliyas Usman (Poona College, Camp Pune). ISBN : 978 – 93 – 5067 – 394 – 2.
  58. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Sarwade Jiwan P. (2013)., Utilization of Retinol through the topical application to the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2) for qualitative improvement of the economic parameters., International Journal of Advance Life Sciences, 6(5), 532-537. www.ijals.comhttp://ijals.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/19.-Utilisation-of-Retinol-through-the-topical.pdf
  59. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Khyade Vivekanand V. (2013)., The Phytocompounds of Animal Hormone Analogues., Annals of Plant Sciences, 2(5), 125-137. http://annalsofplantsciences.com/index.php/aps/issue/view/10 ISSN: 2287 – 688X
  60. Khyade Vitthalrao B. (2014)., Influence of Lanoxin Treared Mulberry Leaves on the contents of proteins in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., 8-17, Proceeding, Two day UGC sponsored National seminar on, “Recent Trends in Cell Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics”, Organized by Department of Zoology, Balwant College, Vita Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli 415311 (India) (6 and 7 September, 2013 ). Editor: Prof. (Smt.) U. H. Shah (Department of Zoology, Balwant College, Vita ). ISBN 978 – 81 – 927211 – 3 – 2.
  61. Khyade Vitthalrao B. (2014)., THE ACTIVITY OF PROTEASE IN THE FIFTH INSTAR SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI (L) ( RACE : PM X CSR2 )., Biolife, 2(2).
  62. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Khyade Vivekanand V. and Kadare Amar H. (2014)., Influence of Acetone Extractive of Oroxylum indicumon Cocoon characters; Silk Filament Characters and the Electrophoretic patterns of esterase activity of silk worm Bombyx mori (L.)(Race: PM x CSR2)., Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3, 1-5. ISSN 2277-2502. www.isca.in.
  63. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Khyade Vivekanand V. and Mote Rhidim D. (2014)., Influence of Acetone extractive of Oroxylum indicum (L) on cocoon characters, silk filament character and electrophoretic patterns of esterase activity of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Recent Trends in Zoology, 12-22. Editor: Dr. R. K. Kasar ; Publisher: Dr. L. S. Matkar (Principal, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shevgaon Dist. Ahmednagar – 414502 (M.S.) India. ISBN: 978-93-84916-68-8.
  64. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Slama Karel (2015)., Screening of Acetone Solution of FME and Selected Monoterpene Compounds for Juvenile Hormone Activity through Changes in Pattern of Chitin Deposition in the Integument of Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM x CSR2)., IJBRITISH, 2(3), 68-90. ISSN 2349-9419 www.ijbritish.com
  65. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Deshmukh Rajkumar B. (2015)., Mid gut protease and amylase activity in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2) fed with mulberry leaves treated with aqueous solution of stevia inulin powder., Proceedings, UGC Sponsored National Conference on Recent Trends in Life Sciences (10 - 11, July, 2015), organized by Department of Zoology, S. M. Joshi College, Pune, 95-106. ISBN 978-93-5235-362-0.
  66. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Slama Karel, Pawar Rajendra D. and Deshmukh Sanjay V. (2015)., Influence of Various Concentrations of Acetone Solution of Retinol on Pattern of Chitin Deposition in the Integument of Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM X CSR2)., Journal of Applicable Chemistry, 4(5), 1434-1445. www.joac.info
  67. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Slama Karel, Pawar Rajendra D. and Deshmukh Sanjay V. (2015)., Influence of Various Concentrations of Acetone Solution of Retinol on Pattern of Chitin Deposition in the Integument of Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM X CSR2)., Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 3(5), 124-131. http://www.plantsjournal.com/archives/ ?year=2015 & vol=3&issue=5&part=C
  68. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Bhosale Sivani C., Kakade Vishakha R. and Sarawade Jiwan P. (2015)., Pattern of Chitin Deposition in The Integument of Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM x CSR2) Treated with Acetone Solution of Selected Monoterpene Compounds and Fernasol Methyl Ether (Fme)., Journal of Basic Sciences, BioIPPF, 34-40. www.skpubs.com
  69. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Gosavi Atharv Atul (2016)., Utilization of mulberry leaves treated with seed powder cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) for feeding the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., World Scientific news, 40, 147-162. www.worldscientificnews.com .
  70. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Shinde Vrushali D. and Maske Shraddha S. (2016)., Influence of the diterpenoids (Retinol and Phytol) (Race: PM x CSR2) on the cocoon and silk parameters in silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., World Scientific news, 42, 1-12. www.worldscientificnews.com
  71. Khyade Vitthalrao B., Gokule Kajal D., Pawar Sunanda Rajendra and Deshmukh Rajkumar B. (2016)., Utilization of the Retinol and Phytol for the quality improvement of cocoon and silk fibre spinned by fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., World Scientific News, 42, 167-181. www.worldscientificnews.com
  72. Khyade Vitthalrao B. and Gaikawad Dhanashri R. (2016)., Insect Juvenile Hormone., World Scientific News, 44, 216-239. www.worldscientificnews.com
  73. Khyade Vitthalrao B. (2016)., Utilization of mulberry leaves treated with seed powder of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) for feeding the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2)., Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 4(3), 182-188.
  74. Baily Norman T.J. (1955)., Statistical Methods., 2nd ed., Halsted Press John Wiley& Co., New York, 216, index.
  75. Slama K. (1971)., Insect juvenile hormone analogues., Ann. Rev. biochem., 40, 1079-1102. http://www.unitedlife journals.com/ms_files/ijals/MS19-IJALS-Iss-5-Nov-2013-_Utilisation-of-Retinol-through.pdf